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'''Anupādaka''' is a word used in the [[Theosophy|Theosophical]] literature derived from the [[Sanskrit]] ''anupapādaka'', "parentless" or "having no material parent",<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=anupapAdaka&trans=Translate&direction=AU.# Anupapādaka] at Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary.</ref> or ''upapāduka'', "self-produced".<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=upapAduka&trans=Translate&direction=AU# Upapāduka] at Spoken Sanskrit Dictionary.</ref>
#REDIRECT [[Anupadaka]]
 
== General description ==
 
[[H. P. Blavatsky]] applied this term most frequently to the hierarchy of the [[Dhyāni-Buddhas]]:
 
<blockquote>Anupâdaka (Sk.). Anupapâdaka, also Aupapâduka; means “parentless”, “self-existing”, born without any parents or progenitors. A term applied to certain self-created gods, and the Dhyâni Buddhas.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Theosophical Glossary'' (Krotona, CA: Theosophical Publishing House, 1973), 25.</ref></blockquote>
 
<blockquote>They [the Dhyāni-Buddhas] are the “Buddhas of Contemplation,” and are all Anupadaka (parentless), i.e., self-born of divine essence.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 109.</ref></blockquote>
 
However, since the human [[Buddha]]s are regarded as manifestations of the "Celestial Buddhas" (Dhyāni-Buddhas) in the world of form and matter, they are also called "anupadakas":
 
<blockquote>The term Anupadaka, “parentless,” or without progenitors, is a mystical designation having several meanings in the philosophy. By this name celestial beings, the Dhyan-Chohans or Dhyani-Buddhas, are generally meant. But as these correspond mystically to the human Buddhas and Bodhisattwas, known as the “Mânushi (or human) Buddhas,” the latter are also designated “Anupadaka,” once that their whole personality is merged in their compound sixth and seventh principles—or Atma-Buddhi, and that they have become the “diamond-souled” (Vajra-sattvas), the full Mahatmas. The “Concealed Lord” (Sangbai Dag-po), “the one merged with the absolute,” can have no parents since he is Self-existent, and one with the Universal Spirit (Svayambhu), the Svâbhâvat in the highest aspect. The mystery in the hierarchy of the Anupadaka is great, its apex being the universal Spirit-Soul, and the lower rung the Mânushi-Buddha; and even every Soul-endowed man is an Anupadaka in a latent state. Hence, when speaking of the Universe in its formless, eternal, or absolute condition, before it was fashioned by the “Builders”—the expression, “the Universe was Anupadaka.”<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 52.</ref></blockquote>
 
In [[Stanzas of Dzyan#Stanza VI|Stanza V.4]] of Cosmogenesis the anupadaka is mentioned as the second "world" or "plane", the "divine arupa" whose garment is the "chhayaloka" or intellectual world:
 
<blockquote>The first Divine World is ready, the first (is now), the second (world), then the “Divine Arupa” (the formless universe of thought) reflects itself in Chhayaloka (the shadowy world of primal form, or the intellectual) the first garment of (the) Anupadaka.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 118-119.</ref></blockquote>
 
It is on this plane that the Dhyāni-Buddhas reside:
 
<blockquote>This is the second logos of creation, from whom emanate the seven (in the exoteric blind the five) Dhyani Buddhas, called the Anupadaka, “the parentless.” These Buddhas are the primeval monads from the world of incorporeal being, the Arupa world, wherein the Intelligences (on that plane only) have neither shape nor name, in the exoteric system, but have their distinct seven names in esoteric philosophy.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 571.</ref></blockquote>
 
The [[Logos#Second Logos|second Logos]] is said to be unmanifested-manifest, and the reference to it in this context should probably be taken as referring to its unmanifested aspect:
 
<blockquote>The former [Dhyāni-Buddhas] only are called Anupadaka, parentless, because they radiated directly from that which is neither Father nor Mother but the unmanifested Logos.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. X (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1988), 344.</ref></blockquote>
 
In other uses, [[Space]],<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 11.</ref> [[Mūlaprakṛti]],<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 62.</ref> and the circle with the central point,<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 11.</ref> have been referred to as "anupadaka".
 
=== According to Annie Besant ===
 
[[Annie Besant]]'s view of the seven planes regarded the two highest as being Logoic planes. She called the second of them "anupadaka":
 
<blockquote>The two planes beyond the five represent the sphere of divine activity, encircling and enveloping all, out of which pour forth all the divine energies which vivify and sustain the whole system. They are at present entirely beyond our knowledge, and the few hints that have been given regarding them probably convey as much information as our limited capacity is able to grasp. We are taught that they are the planes of divine Consciousness, wherein the LOGOS, or the divine Trinity of Logoi, is manifested, and wherefrom He shines forth as the Creator, the Preserver, the Dissolver, evolving a universe, maintaining it during its life-period, withdrawing it into Himself at its ending. We have been given the names of these two planes: the lower is the Anupadaka, that wherein “no vehicle has yet been formed”; the higher is the Adi, “the first”, the foundation of a universe, its support and the fount of its life.<ref>Annie Besant, ''Study in Consciousness'' (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1975), 2.</ref></blockquote>
 
== Misspelling of the original term ==
 
According to [[David Reigle]]'s research, the term ''anupādaka'' used by [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] appears in Emil Schlagintweit's ''Buddhism in Tibet'' published in 1863. This was miscopied by her from the ''anupapādaka'' present in Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, which was taken from Brian H. Hodgson, the first Westerner to gain access to [[Sanskrit]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] texts, during his residency in Nepal. In its turn, ''anupapādaka'' seems to be a misspelling from the original ''aupapāduka'' or ''upapāduka''.<ref>[http://www.easterntradition.org/book%20of%20dzyan%20research%20report%201-technical%20terms%20in%20stanza%201.pdf# ''Technical Terms in Stanza I'' by David Reigle, 7-9]</ref>
 
== Notes ==
 
<references/>
 
==Further reading==
 
*[http://www.theosophy.ph/encyclo/index.php?title=Anup%C4%81daka# Anupādaka] at Theosopedia
 
*[http://www.easterntradition.org/book%20of%20dzyan%20research%20report%201-technical%20terms%20in%20stanza%201.pdf# Technical Terms in Stanza I by David Reigle] at Eastern Tradition Research Institute
 
[[Category:Sanskrit terms]]
[[Category:Theosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Concepts in The Secret Doctrine]]
[[Category:Buddhist concepts]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 30 June 2017

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