Marie Musaeus-Higgins - Revision history

SysopJ at 14:42, 2 December 2024

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	[[File:Marie Musaeus-Higgins.jpg\|200px\|right\|thumb\|Marie Musaeus-Higgins]]		[[File:Marie Musaeus-Higgins.jpg\|200px\|right\|thumb\|Marie Musaeus-Higgins]]

			'''Marie Musaeus-Higgins''' was a German educator and Theosophist who founded the Sri Lankan school now known as '''Musaeus College'''.

	== Early life and career ==		== Early life and career ==
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	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

	Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins wrote stories to educate children about the history of Ceylon and Buddhism.		Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins wrote primers for her school and stories to educate children about the history of Ceylon and Buddhism.

	* '''''Poya Days'''''. Colombo: Maha-Jana Press, 1925. Several later reprints. Available at [https://archive.org/details/aes.poyadays0000musu Internet Archives].		* '''''Poya Days'''''. Colombo: Maha-Jana Press, 1925. Several later reprints. Available at [https://archive.org/details/aes.poyadays0000musu Internet Archives].
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	[[Category:Nationality German\|Musaeus]]		[[Category:Nationality German\|Musaeus]]
	[[Category:Educators\|Musaeus]]		[[Category:Educators\|Musaeus]]
			[[Category:Writers\|Musaeus]]
	[[Category:TS Adyar\|Musaeus]]		[[Category:TS Adyar\|Musaeus]]
	[[Category:People\|Musaeus]]		[[Category:People\|Musaeus]]

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Work in education

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	== Work in education ==		== Work in education ==

	The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language '''Sangamitta Girls' School''' opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophist '''Peter de Abrew''' wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].		The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language '''Sangamitta Girls' School''' opened on October 18, 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophist '''Peter de Abrew''' wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].
	[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]		[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]

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Work in education

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	== Work in education ==		== Work in education ==

	The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language '''Sangamitta Girls' School''' opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese ~~Theosophists~~ Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].		The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language '''Sangamitta Girls' School''' opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophist '''Peter de Abrew''' wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].
	[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]		[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]

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Writings

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	* '''''Poya Days'''''. Colombo: Maha-Jana Press, 1925. Several later reprints. Available at [https://archive.org/details/aes.poyadays0000musu Internet Archives].		* '''''Poya Days'''''. Colombo: Maha-Jana Press, 1925. Several later reprints. Available at [https://archive.org/details/aes.poyadays0000musu Internet Archives].
			* '''''Jataka Mala'''''. A translation of the Jataka stories.
	* '''''Stories from the History of Ceylon for Children'''''. Colombo: Capper & Sons, 1910. Several later reprints. Volume 1 is available at [https://archive.org/details/storiefromhistor01mari Internet Archives].		* '''''Stories from the History of Ceylon for Children'''''. Colombo: Capper & Sons, 1910. Several later reprints. Volume 1 is available at [https://archive.org/details/storiefromhistor01mari Internet Archives].
	* '''''Stories from the History of Ceylon for Children'''''. Colombo: Capper & Sons, 1910. Several later reprints. Volume 2 is available at [https://archive.org/details/storiefromhistor02mari Internet Archives].		* '''''Stories from the History of Ceylon for Children'''''. Colombo: Capper & Sons, 1910. Several later reprints. Volume 2 is available at [https://archive.org/details/storiefromhistor02mari Internet Archives].

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Work in education

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	In that simple building she taught a class of twelve. An Australian ~~Theosophists~~, Wilton Hack, donated money to complete a brick building in 1895, and having a permanent structure enabled the school to receive grant-in-aid funding from the Sri Lankan government. Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins learned Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, and wrote primers for teaching her pupils. She served as principal of the school until her death in 1926. The school, now known as '''Musaeus College''', has grown steadily over the years: now over 6,700 students are enrolled, with a staff of over 300 teachers.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/about-school/ About Our School] at Musaeus College website.</ref>		In that simple building she taught a class of twelve. An Australian Theosophist, Wilton Hack, donated money to complete a brick building in 1895, and having a permanent structure enabled the school to receive grant-in-aid funding from the Sri Lankan government. Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins learned Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, and wrote primers for teaching her pupils. She served as principal of the school until her death in 1926. The school, now known as '''Musaeus College''', has grown steadily over the years: now over 6,700 students are enrolled, with a staff of over 300 teachers.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/about-school/ About Our School] at Musaeus College website.</ref>

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

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Work in education

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	== Work in education ==		== Work in education ==

	The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language Sangamitta Girls' School opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].		The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language '''Sangamitta Girls' School''' opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].
	[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]		[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]

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	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	In that simple building she taught a class of twelve. An Australian Theosophists, Wilton Hack, donated money to complete a brick building in 1895, and having a permanent structure enabled the school to receive grant-in-aid funding from the Sri Lankan government. Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins learned Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, and wrote primers for teaching her pupils. She served as principal of the school until her death in 1926. The school has grown steadily over the years: now over 6,700 students are enrolled, with a staff of over 300 teachers.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/about-school/ About Our School] at Musaeus College website.</ref>		In that simple building she taught a class of twelve. An Australian Theosophists, Wilton Hack, donated money to complete a brick building in 1895, and having a permanent structure enabled the school to receive grant-in-aid funding from the Sri Lankan government. Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins learned Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, and wrote primers for teaching her pupils. She served as principal of the school until her death in 1926. The school, now known as '''Musaeus College''', has grown steadily over the years: now over 6,700 students are enrolled, with a staff of over 300 teachers.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/about-school/ About Our School] at Musaeus College website.</ref>

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

SysopJ at 21:08, 1 December 2024

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	== Work in education ==		== Work in education ==

	The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language Sangamitta Girls' School opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school.		The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language Sangamitta Girls' School opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].
			[[File:Mud hut.png\|right\|180px\|thumb\|"Mud palace"]]

	~~Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus~~-~~Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid~~ by ~~[[Annie Besant]]~~, ~~President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]]~~.		A half-acre of land had been donated by Peter de Abrew and his father William de Abrew at Rosmead Place, Cinnamon Gardens.
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	However, due to differences with members of WES, Musaeus resigned from her position on December 15,1893. She started her own school with 12 girls, classes commencing in a cadjan-thatched wattle and daub building – which Musaeus called her 'mud palace' – on the Rosmead Place land the following February.		However, due to differences with members of WES, Musaeus resigned from her position on December 15,1893. She started her own school with 12 girls, classes commencing in a cadjan-thatched wattle and daub building – which Musaeus called her 'mud palace' – on the Rosmead Place land the following February.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>
	~~A half-acre~~ of ~~land had been~~ donated ~~by Peter de Abrew~~ and ~~his father William de Abrew~~ at ~~Rosmead Place, Cinnamon Gardens~~.
			In that simple building she taught a class of twelve. An Australian Theosophists, Wilton Hack, donated money to complete a brick building in 1895, and having a permanent structure enabled the school to receive grant-in-aid funding from the Sri Lankan government. Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins learned Sri Lankan and Buddhist history, and wrote primers for teaching her pupils. She served as principal of the school until her death in 1926. The school has grown steadily over the years: now over 6,700 students are enrolled, with a staff of over 300 teachers.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/about-school/ About Our School] at Musaeus College website.</ref>

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

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Work in education

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	== Work in education ==		== Work in education ==

	The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language Sangamitta Girls' School opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, mother interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school. Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]]. A half-acre of land had been donated by Peter de Zbrew and his father William de Abrew at Rosmead Place, Cinnamon Gardens.		The '''Women's Educational Society''' was founded by Sri Lankan Buddhist women on [[March 30]], 1889 to promote education of Buddhist women in both Sinhalese and English language schools. The English-language Sangamitta Girls' School opened on [[October 18]], 1890 in Maradana. Sinhalese Theosophists Peter de Abrew wrote a letter to [[The Path (periodical)\|''The Path'']] seeking a principal for the school.<ref>"Theosophical Activities" ''The Path'' 5 no. 11 (Feb 1891): 355.</ref> Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins was much moved when she read of the school, and immediately responded to volunteer. Her application was accepted by the WES, and she arrived on November 15, 1891 on the steamship ''Preussen''. She worked with Louis Roberts Ratnaweera; Australian Elise Pickett, the mother of interim principal Kate Pickett, who had drowned in a terrible accident; Dr. W. A. English and his daughter; and Emma Allison. The staff had to raise funds continually for the new school.

			Exactly two years after Mrs. Musaeus-Higgins arrived, the cornerstone for a new permanent building was laid by [[Annie Besant]], President of the [[Theosophical Society (Adyar)\|Theosophical Society]].
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	However, due to differences with members of WES, Musaeus resigned from her position on December 15,1893. She started her own school with 12 girls, classes commencing in a cadjan-thatched wattle and daub building – which Musaeus called her 'mud palace' – on the Rosmead Place land the following February.		However, due to differences with members of WES, Musaeus resigned from her position on December 15,1893. She started her own school with 12 girls, classes commencing in a cadjan-thatched wattle and daub building – which Musaeus called her 'mud palace' – on the Rosmead Place land the following February.
			</blockquote>
			A half-acre of land had been donated by Peter de Abrew and his father William de Abrew at Rosmead Place, Cinnamon Gardens.

	== Writings ==		== Writings ==

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Additional resources

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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Musaeus_Higgins Marie Musaeus Higgins]. This article has many errors and issues: husband's name was Anthony, not Anton; he was not an army officer, but a private, briefly, during the final year of the Civil War; Marie could not have gone to Ceylon in 1889, when she is documented as having been in Washington.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Musaeus_Higgins Marie Musaeus Higgins]. This article has many errors and issues: husband's name was Anthony, not Anton; he was not an army officer, but a private, briefly, during the final year of the Civil War; Marie could not have gone to Ceylon in 1889, when she is documented as having been in Washington.
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Higgins_(politician) Anthony Higgins (polititian)] in Wikipedia. This article is very incomplete.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Higgins_(politician) Anthony Higgins (polititian)] in Wikipedia. This article is very incomplete.
			* [https://www.musaeus.lk/the-tale/ The Tale of Mud Hut to Four Storeys] at Musaeus College website.

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==

SysopJ: /* Early life and career */

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Early life and career

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	== Early life and career ==		== Early life and career ==
	Marie Musaeus was born on [[May 18]], 1855 in Wismar, in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany. Her father, Theodore Musaeus, was a High Court Judge and forestry magistrate. Marie was well educated in languages and arts, and became a teacher. When her brother Friedrich emigrated to the United States, she joined him there.<ref>[https://archives.dailynews.lk/2012/11/19/fea04.asp Musaeus, mother and mentor from America" ''Daily News'' [Sri Lanka]. November 19, 1912.</ref>		Marie Musaeus was born on [[May 18]], 1855 in Wismar, in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany. Her father, Theodore Musaeus, was a High Court Judge and forestry magistrate. She had a brother and three younger sisters.<ref>[https://www.musaeus.lk/the-tale/ The Tale of Mud Hut to Four Storeys] at Musaeus College website.</ref>Marie was well educated in languages and arts, and became a teacher. When her brother Friedrich emigrated to the United States, she joined him there.<ref>[https://archives.dailynews.lk/2012/11/19/fea04.asp Musaeus, mother and mentor from America" ''Daily News'' [Sri Lanka]. November 19, 1912.</ref>
	[[File:Anthony Higgins.jpg\|right\|150px\|thumb\|Anthony Higgins]]		[[File:Anthony Higgins.jpg\|right\|150px\|thumb\|Anthony Higgins]]
	After working as a teacher, Miss Musaeus took a civil service job in the Post Office Department in Washington, DC.<ref>U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995.</ref><ref>U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863-1959. 1887 volume.</ref><ref>U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863-1959. 1891 volume.</ref>		After working as a teacher, Miss Musaeus took a civil service job in the Post Office Department in Washington, DC.<ref>U.S., City Directories, 1822-1995.</ref><ref>U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863-1959. 1887 volume.</ref><ref>U.S., Register of Civil, Military, and Naval Service, 1863-1959. 1891 volume.</ref>