Soul
Soul is a word used to translate the Greek term (ψυχή psychē), meaning "life, spirit, consciousness". The Greek verb from which the word derives means "to cool, to blow" and therefore refers to the vital breath, the animating principle in humans and other animals (the Latin term being anima from which the word "animal" is derived.
In the Theosophical literature human beings are described as being composed of seven principles, three of which are regarded as "souls." In 1883 A. P. Sinnett described them as follows:[1]
4. Animal Soul. . . . . . Kama Rupa.
5. Human Soul. . . . . . Manas.
6. Spiritual Soul. . . . . Buddhi.
Animal soul
This term in Theosophy is generally applied to the fourth principle in human beings (kāma), although in some occasions it refers to the incarnated ray of fifth principle, the lower manas or lower mind, which in most people act in close association with kāma.
In October 1881 A. O. Hume defines the animal soul as the combination of the "astral body (Liṅga-śarīra), the "astral shape" (Kāmarūpa), and the "animal or physical intelligence"Lower manas. Some of the The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett are based on this classification.
In December 1881 H. P. Blavatsky wrote about the "animal soul" as being the "kama-rupa" of a living man,[2] while in January 1882, T. Subba Row speaks of it as the "physical intelligence."[3]
After Sinnett's publication of the Esoteric Buddhism in 1883 the animal soul is generally regarded as the fourth principle, kāma.
Human soul
A. P. Sinnett, in his book Esoteric Buddhism, decided to call Manas the Human Soul:[4]
In the Theosophist for October, 1881, when the first hints about the septenary constitution of man were given out, the fifth principle was called the animal soul, as contra-distinguished from the sixth or “spiritual soul ;” but though this nomenclature sufficed to mark the required distinction, it degraded the fifth principle, which is essentially the human principle.[5]
Mme. Blavatsky retained this meaning when writing for the public.[6] According to her, the human soul has to aspects:
In its turn the former (the personal or human soul) is a compound in its highest form, of spiritual aspirations, volitions, and divine love; and in its lower aspect, of animal desires and terrestrial passions imparted to it by its associations with its vehicle, the seat of all these. It thus stands as a link and a medium between the animal nature of man which its higher reason seeks to subdue, and his divine spiritual nature to which it gravitates, whenever it has the upper hand in its struggle with the inner animal.[7]
Spiritual soul
See Buddhi.
Online resources
Articles and pamphlets
- Soul at Theosopedia
- The Birth and Evolution of the Soul, Part I and Part II by Annie Besant
- Proofs of the Existence of the Soul by Annie Besant
Notes
- ↑ Alfred Percy Sinnett, Esoteric Buddhism (London: The Theosophical House LTD, 1972), 19
- ↑ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. III (Wheaton, Ill: Theosophical Publishing House, 1968), 347
- ↑ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. III (Wheaton, Ill: Theosophical Publishing House, 1968), 407
- ↑ Alfred Percy Sinnett, Esoteric Buddhism (San Diego, CA: Wizards Bookshelf, 1987), 24.
- ↑ Alfred Percy Sinnett, Esoteric Buddhism (London: The Theosophical Publishing House, 1972), 29.
- ↑ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. XII (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1980), 633, fn.
- ↑ Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. IX (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1974), 255-256.