Upanishads (book): Difference between revisions

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This text is associated with the '''Rigveda'''.
This text is associated with the '''Rigveda'''.
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<u>Translations by:</u>
* [https://www.consciouslivingfoundation.org/ebooks/13/CLF-chhandogya_upanishad.pdf Swami Nikhilananda].
* [https://www.consciouslivingfoundation.org/ebooks/13/CLF-chhandogya_upanishad.pdf Swami Nikhilananda].
* [http://www.tbm100.org/Lib/Jha42.pdf Ganganatha Jha and Umesha Mishra] with commentary


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=== Mundukya Upanishad ===
=== Mundaka Upanishad ===


This text is associated with '''Atharvaveda'''.
This text is associated with '''Atharvaveda'''.
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<u>Translations by:</u>
<u>Translations by:</u>
*  
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291973399_Prasna_Upanishad Sibaprasad Dutta].


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<u>Translations by:</u>
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*
* [https://www.hinduwebsite.com/taittiriya-upanishad.asp Jayaram V].


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=== Amritabindhu Upanishad ===
=== Amritabindhu Upanishad ===


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<u>Translations by:</u>
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/amritabindhu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.wikidot.com]
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/amritabindhu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.wikidot.com]


See also:
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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritabindu_Upanishad Amritabindhu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amritabindu_Upanishad Amritabindhu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Atma Upanishad ===
=== Atma Upanishad ===


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* [http://veda.wikidot.com/atma-upanishad A. G. Krishna Warrier].
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/atma-upanishad A. G. Krishna Warrier].


See also:
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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atma_Upanishad Atma Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atma_Upanishad Atma Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Kausitaki Upanishad ===
=== Kausitaki Upanishad ===


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*  
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<u>Translations by:</u>
* [https://www.hinduwebsite.com/kausitaki-upanishad.asp Jayaram V].


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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad Kausitaki Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad Kausitaki Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Mahanarayana Upanishad ===
=== Mahanarayana Upanishad ===


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*  
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* [http://www.advaita.it/library/mahanarayana.htm Vimalananda].


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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanarayana_Upanishad Mahanarayana Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahanarayana_Upanishad Mahanarayana Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Maitri Upanishad ===
=== Maitri Upanishad ===


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*  
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* [http://geocities.ws/metteyyaproject/TheOfficeofTheFourArms/MAITRAYANA.pdf Unknown at Geocities].


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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad Maitrayaniya Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad Maitrayaniya Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Nadabindu Upanishad ===
=== Nadabindu Upanishad ===


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* [http://veda.wikidot.com/nada-bindu-upanishad K. Narayanasvami Aiyar].
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/nada-bindu-upanishad K. Narayanasvami Aiyar].


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<u>See also:</u>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadabindu_Upanishad Nadabindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadabindu_Upanishad Nadabindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Paramahansa Upanishad ===
=== Paramahansa Upanishad ===
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This text is associated with the Atharvaveda.  
This text is associated with the Atharvaveda.  


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* [http://veda.wikidot.com/nada-bindu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.Wikidot.com.]
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/nada-bindu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.Wikidot.com.]


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<u>See also:</u>
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/paramahamsa-upanishad Nadabindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/paramahamsa-upanishad Nadabindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Shwetasvatara Upanishad ===
=== Shwetasvatara Upanishad ===


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* [http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/indian/upanishads/shwe.html Sri Aurobindo].
* [http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/indian/upanishads/shwe.html Sri Aurobindo].


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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad Shwetasvatara Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad Shwetasvatara Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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=== Tejabindu Upanishad ===
=== Tejabindu Upanishad ===


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* [http://veda.wikidot.com/tejabindu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.Wikidot.com.]
* [http://veda.wikidot.com/tejabindu-upanishad Unknown at Veda.Wikidot.com.]


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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad Tejobindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad Tejobindu Upanishad] in Wikipedia.
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== Additional resources ==
== Additional resources ==
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* Johnston, Charles. "The Kingdom of Heaven and the Upanishads". ''The Open Court''. December, 1905. Available at [http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ocj/vol1905/iss12/1/ OpenSIUC].
* Johnston, Charles. "The Kingdom of Heaven and the Upanishads". ''The Open Court''. December, 1905. Available at [http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ocj/vol1905/iss12/1/ OpenSIUC].
* [https://fewfleetingmoments.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/upanishads-for-dummies/ ''Upanishads for Dummies''] by Abhishek. April 29, 2012.
* [https://fewfleetingmoments.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/upanishads-for-dummies/ ''Upanishads for Dummies''] by Abhishek. April 29, 2012.
* Tathagatananda, Swami. ''Journey of the Upanishads to the West''. Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama, 2002. A scholarly view of the history of the Upanishads' introduction into Western thought by people such as [[Max Müller]], [[Edwin Arnold|Sir Edwin Arnold]], [[Annie Besant]], [[Swami Vivekananda]], and others.
=== Articles ===
* [https://www.theosophy.world/encyclopedia/upanisads Upaniṣads] in Theosophy World.


=== Audio ===
=== Audio ===
*[https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/gomes/The%20Nature%20of%20Consciousness%20in%20the%20Upanishads.mp3# The Nature of Consciousness in the Upanishads] by Michael Gomes
*[https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/gomes/The%20Nature%20of%20Consciousness%20in%20the%20Upanishads.mp3# The Nature of Consciousness in the Upanishads] by Michael Gomes
*[https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/mehta/The%20Way%20of%20the%20Upanishads%20-%20Part%201.mp3# The Way of the Upanishads - Part 1] [https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/mehta/The%20Way%20of%20the%20Upanishads%20-%20Part%202.mp3# Part 2] [https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/mehta/The%20Way%20of%20the%20Upanishads%20-%20Part%202.mp3# Part 3] [https://www.theosophical.org/files/resources/Downloads/mp3/mehta/The%20Way%20of%20the%20Upanishads%20-%20Part%204.mp3# Part 4] by Rohit Mehta
*[https://archive.org/download/yoga-of-the-upanishads-hoskins/Yoga%20of%20the%20Upanishads_Hoskins.mp3# The Yoga of the Upanishads] by Ianthe H. Hoskins
*[https://archive.org/details/way-of-the-upanishads-3-mehta# The Way of the Upanishads (4 Parts)] by Rohit Mehta. Theosophical Society in America, 1985. 3 hours 11 minutes in four parts.


=== Print resources ===
=== Print resources ===

Latest revision as of 19:29, 28 December 2023

Chandogya Upanishad, copied ca 1849 CE

Upanishads refers to a collection of ancient Indian texts that provide the philosophical grounding of Hinduism, along with the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahmasutras. They were written over a period of centuries beginning in the 7th century BCE.

The Upanishads are texts found at the end of each Veda, discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge. They are the foundation of Hindu philosophical thought, and have profoundly influenced diverse traditions. There are 108 Muktikā Upanishads in Hinduism, of which between 10 and 13 are variously counted by scholars as Principal Upanishads.

Blavatsky on the Upanishads

In her book The Secret Doctrine, H. P. Blavatsky wrote at length about her view of this collection of books as esoteric texts:

The UpanishadsUpa-ni-shad being a compound word meaning “the conquest of ignorance by the revelation of secret, spiritual knowledge”—require now the additional possession of a Master-key to enable the student to get at their full meaning. The reason for this I venture to state here as I learned it from a Master. The name, “Upanishads,” is usually translated “esoteric doctrine.” These treatises form part of the Sruti or “revealed knowledge,” Revelation, in short, and are generally attached to the Brahmana portion of the Vedas, as their third division. There are over 150 Upanishads enumerated by, and known to, Orientalists, who credit the oldest with being written probably about 600 years b.c.; but of genuine texts there does not exist a fifth of the number. The Upanishads are to the Vedas what the Kabala is to the Jewish Bible. They treat of and expound the secret and mystic meaning of the Vedic texts. They speak of the origin of the Universe, the nature of Deity, and of Spirit and Soul, as also of the metaphysical connection of mind and matter. In a few words: They CONTAIN the beginning and the end of all human knowledge, but they have now ceased to REVEAL it, since the day of Buddha. If it were otherwise, the Upanishads could not be called esoteric, since they are now openly attached to the Sacred Brahmanical books, which have, in our present age, become accessible even to the Mlechchhas (out-castes) and the European Orientalists. One thing in them—and this in all the Upanishads—invariably and constantly points to their ancient origin, and proves (a) that they were written, in some of their portions, before the caste system became the tyrannical institution which it still is; and (b) that half of their contents have been eliminated, while some of them were rewritten and abridged.[1]

Principal texts of Mukhya Upanishads

The Mukhya Upanishads, also known as Principal Upanishads, are associated with the Vedic tradition. They are accepted by all Hindus ad the most important scriptures of Hinduism. These are listed alphabetically.

Aitareya Upanishad

This text is associated with the Rigveda.

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Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

This text is associated with Yajurveda.

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Chandogya Upanishad

The Chandogya Upanishad is the second oldest of known Upanishads, dated to between 900 to 600 BCE, in the pre-Buddhist era.It is associated with Samaveda.

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Isha Upanishad

This text is associated with Yajurveda.

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Katha Upanishad

This text is associated with Yajurveda. It was regarded highly by Charles Johnston, William Butler Yeats, George William Russell, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

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Kena Upanishad

This text is associated with Samaveda.

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Mandukya Upanishad

This text is associated with Atharvaveda.

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Mundaka Upanishad

This text is associated with Atharvaveda.

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Prasna Upanishad

This text is associated with Atharvaveda.

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Taittiriya Upanishad

This text is associated with Yajurveda.

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Other texts

These are some of the other significant texts from the 200+ surviving Upanishads. Three or four of these are considered by some authors to be of major importance – Kausitaki, Mahanarayana, Maitri, and Shwetasvatara.

Amritabindhu Upanishad

Translations by:

See also:

Atma Upanishad

Translations by:

See also:

Kausitaki Upanishad

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See also:

Mahanarayana Upanishad

Translations by:

See also:

Maitri Upanishad

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See also:

Nadabindu Upanishad

Translations by:

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Paramahansa Upanishad

This text is associated with the Atharvaveda.

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See also:

Shwetasvatara Upanishad

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See also:

Tejabindu Upanishad

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See also:

Additional resources

The Union Index of Theosophical Periodicals lists over 300 articles in Theosophical periodicals that are about the Upanishads or reviews of books about the Upanishads. Here is a list of the articles.

Digital versions

Artistic representations

Artist Joma Sipe has illustrated the Twelve Principal Upanishads, "as considered in a book by Doctor E. Roer, in 1906." The art works have been published by Theosophy Forward in Upanishads.

Commentaries and guides

Articles

Audio

Print resources

  • Q. [author unknown], "Mr. Johnston and the Upanishads", The Theosophical Quarterly 29.3 (January, 1932), 214-222.

Notes

  1. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 269-270.