View source for David E. de Lara

'''UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''<br>
'''UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''<br>
'''David Etienne de Lara''' was a language teacher present at the meeting that led to the [[Founding of the Theosophical Society|founding]] of the [[Theosophical Society]] on [[September 8]], 1875. 

 Many thanks to Joma Sipe and Marc Demarest for their excellent research related to David E. de Lara, and also to John Patrick Deveney and Boaz Huss. Locating biographical details about this family is complicated by the existence of other David de Laras married to other wives named Sarah in both England and the United States.

== Personal life ==

David Etienne de Lara was born in 1796 in the Netherlands to a Jewish family of Portuguese descent. His family were probably among of the Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands who referred to themselves as "Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation," distinguishing their community from the Ashkenazi Jews of eastern Europe.<ref>See Miriam Bodian, ''Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam'' (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), as mentioned in the Wikipedia article [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands].</ref> During the 1820s he seems to have traveled between the Netherlands and London, working as a language teacher.<ref>David Etienne de Lara in England, Alien Arrivals, 1810-1811, 1826-1869. Arrival in London from Rotterdam on November 9, 1926.</ref> On December 8, 1828, he married Sarah Elizabeth Crawcour (1802-1872), a Jew of Polish Ashkenazi descent, in a Church of England ceremony.<ref>David deLara in London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938. From church register for Saint James, Paddington.</ref> They had two sons, Etienne and Isaac, and three daughters, Flora, Emma, and Victoria.<ref>1841 England Census.</ref><ref>1855 New York, U.S., State Census.</ref> Despite the Saint James marriage service, the de Lara family were actively engaged in the Jewish community, and all the daughters married Jews.

To support his family, de Lara taught foreign languages and wrote books of instruction. Sometime in the 1850s, the family emigrated from London to New York City. In 1851, Sarah and her daughters remained in London, while census records lack any mention of David and his sons, who may have already moved.<ref>Sarah de Lara in 1851 England Census.</ref> During the New York years, Mr. de Lara continued his language work.

As of 1870, Mr. de Lara was living in Manhattan with his daughter Victoria and her family, and had a personal wealth of $50,000.<ref>1870 United States Federal Census.</ref> He died on [[June 26]], 1879 in Manhattan of "senectus" (old age) and was buried in Ozone Park, Queens, New York.<ref>1880 New York, U.S., U.S. Census Mortality Schedules, 1850-1880.</ref><ref>"Died" ''New York Herald'' no. 15651 (June 29, 1879(: 11.</ref><ref>David Etienne De Lara in U.S., Find A Grave Index, 1600s-Current.</ref>

[[File:De Lara A Key to the Portuguese Language.jpg|right|200px|thumb|1925 book title page]]
== Career ==

Mr. de Lara had a very active career in teaching foreign languages, writing, and lecturing, from the 1830s until his death in 1879. 

In addition to his language work, he was an accountant and merchant.<ref>1841 England Census.</ref><ref>1870 United States Federal Census.</ref> He seems to have been in partnership with Henry Crawcour (probably his wife's older brother) as stationers at 21 Mount Street, Whitechapel in the 1830s.<ref>''The London Gazette'' (April 13, 1838).</ref> 

=== Language work ===

He taught French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and German, offering lectures, correspondence courses, or private instruction in his home.<ref>Advertisement in ''Liverpool Mercury'' (November 19, 1830): 1.</ref><ref>Advertisement in ''Liverpool Mercury'' (April 1, 1831):1.</ref> His instructional approach was innovative at the time, with the object of making students proficient in the aspects of the language that they would be able to use immediately in commercial enterprises. Many of his students were in Liverpool, a major port for trade with Spain and Portugal. 

=== Writing for ''New Era'' ===
De Lara was associated with [[John Storer Cobb]], another TS founder and editor of the journal ''New Era''.
<blockquote>
In June 1873 appeared the first part of a fifteen-part series by “Lara” on “Defence of our National System of Education against the Attacks of the Catholic Press” — a vigorous attack on admitting religion, especially Catholicism, into the public schools, with learned historical digressions on the evil consequences of Catholic political thought. At the conclusion of this diatribe, “Lara,” who now appears by his full name of D.E. de Lara, took up the cudgels again in an eight-part series, beginning in the issue for September 1874, on “Freemasonry, Judaism, and Christianity.” From this and his other contributions we can glean a bit more about the mysterious man whose name appears among those attending the formative meeting of the T.S. on September 8, 1875, and who read a paper before the group on the 18th. David de Lara was first of all quite old, since he mentions a book he had seen in Spain in 1820 or 1821, and he was a Portuguese Jew, a Sephardi.<ref>John Patrick Deveney, "D.E. de Lara, John Storer Cobb, and The New Era" ''Theosophical History'' 15 no.4 (October, 2011): 29.</ref>
</blockquote> 

In a review of a lecture given by de Lara on Pope Sixtus V before the Liberal Club in July 1875, the editor says of him:
<blockquote>
Mr. de Lara, who is well-known, at any rate, to the readers of the New Era, through his writings upon the school question and other subjects, is a gentleman who has for a period of nearly half a century been engaged with his pen in enriching English literature, though chiefly under a nom de plume, in consequence of a too great modesty, which, being a part of his nature, cannot be eradicated. The history of European nations he has made a special study, and is eminently qualified to speak to us upon any question relating to the social or political condition of those countries.<ref>Editor, ''New Era'' 5 no. 9 (September 1875): 597.</ref>
</blockquote>

Later that year:
<blockquote>
In October 1875, the New Era, probably with Cobb at its helm, took up Theosophy and its personae in a big way. It gave a long review of Olcott’s People from the Other World, recommending it as “well written” and filled with "a desire to arrive at the truth, at whatever cost."<ref>"Literary Notices" ''New Era'' 5 no.10 (October 1875): 658-69.</ref><ref>John Patrick Deveney, "D.E. de Lara, John Storer Cobb, and The New Era" ''Theosophical History'' 15 no.4 (October, 2011): 29.</ref>
</blockquote>

=== Lecturing ===

Mr. de Lara was also in demand as a lecturer on a wide range of topics.

== Theosophical Society involvement ==

On [[September 8]], 1875, he was present, along with his friend [[John Storer Cobb]], at the meeting when [[Henry Steel Olcott|Col. Henry S. Olcott]] proposed formation of a society "for the study and elucidation of Occultism, the Cabbala, etc." and Mr. de Lara handed in his name to the newly-appointed secretary, [[William Quan Judge]], to be one of the founding members. He may not have been present at all the subsequent meetings.
Historian [[Josephine Ransom]] described him as:

<blockquote>
A learned old gentleman of Portuguese-Hebrew extraction. [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky|H. P. B.]] and [[Henry Steel Olcott|H. S. O.]] had great affection for him. He seems to have remained a member till he died.<ref>Josephine Ransom, ''A Short History of The Theosophical Society'' (Adyar, Madras, India: The Theosophical Publishing House, 1938), 112.</ref>
</blockquote>

== Involvement with Freemasonry ==

A modern historian, Boaz Huss, described de Lara as "an Anglo-Jewish scholar and Freemason," but no specific evidence of the masonic connection can be cited at this time.<ref>Boaz Huss, "In Search of the Jewish Theosophists" ''The Newsletter of the Friends of the Theosophical Archives'' FOTA no. 6, Spring-Summer 2016. The issue, including the printed version of the article (with pictures), can be downloaded [http://hypatia.gr/fota/images/newsletter/Fota_Newsletter06.pdf here].</ref> in 1874 de Lara did discuss freemasonry in a lecture, "Freemasonry, Judaism and Christianity: Do they harmonize or are they antagonistic?" at Cooper Institute in New York.<ref>"The Lecture Season" ''New York Herald'' (July 2, 1874): 12.</ref>

== Writings ==

De Lara wrote for ''New Era'', a reform Jewish periodical, and according to that journal he wrote "chiefly under a nom de plume" and specialized in the "history of European nations." <ref>Editor, ''New Era'' 5 no. 9 (September 1875): 597.</ref>

During his early years in England, he began writing books for students of foreign languages. They were intended to be especially useful to people engaged in commerce.
 
* ''A Key to the Portuguese Language''. Boosey & Sons, 1925. It included vocabulary, expressions, and grammar, and was regularly advertised in newspapers until 1930.<ref>Advertisement in ''Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser'' (January 19, 1825): 1.</ref><ref>Advertisement in ''The Times'' (London). February 4, 1829.</ref>
* ''A Key to the Spanish Language''.
* ''A Short and Plain Grammar of the Spanish Language''.
* ''Commercial Tables''.

== Additional resources ==

* Deveney, John Patrick, "D.E. de Lara, John Storer Cobb, and The New Era" ''Theosophical History'' 15 no.4 (October, 2011): 27-33. The ''Theosophical History'' website is [https://theohistory.org/ here]. 
* Huss, Boaz, "In Search of the Jewish Theosophists" ''The Newsletter of the Friends of the Theosophical Archives'' FOTA no. 6, Spring-Summer 2016. The issue, including the printed version of the article (with pictures), can be downloaded [http://hypatia.gr/fota/images/newsletter/Fota_Newsletter06.pdf here].
* "D. E. de Lara (Theosophical Society)" family tree in Ancestry.com, compiled by Marc Demarest. Large collection of newspaper clippings.

== Notes ==
<references/>

[[Category:Founders|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Associates of HPB|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Writers|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Masons|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Jews|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Nationality Portuguese|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:Nationality English|de Lara, D. E.]]
[[Category:People|de Lara, D. E.]]