Nirvāṇa: Difference between revisions

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'''Nirvāṇa''' (devanāgarī: निर्वाण) is a central concept in Indian religions. The word literally means "blowing out"—referring in the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] context, to the blowing out of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion, or simply of all consciousness. In [[Shramana|sramanic]] thought it is the state of being free from suffering. In [[Hinduism|Hindu philosophy]] it is the union with [[Brahman]] through [[mokṣa]].
#redirect [[Nirvana]]
 
== Theosophical view ==
 
[[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky|H. P. Blavatsky]] rejected the idea that Nirvana merely means the extintion of all consciousness:
 
<blockquote>Very often we are confronted with the statement: “you talk about Nirvāna. What is Nirvāna? It is an extinction, it is just like a flame that is blown out from the candle; there remains nothing. Nirvāna—‘the flame out’.” I had how many times to have disputes and discussions about that. I said it is not that at all. It is that every particle of [[matter]], of that which may have form in our conception or be conditioned or limited, everything disappears to make room for one homogeneity, and for the one [[Absolute|absolute spirit]]. But this spirit is not at all; it is non-consciousness for us, but it is absolute consciousness there.<ref>Michael Gomes (transcriber), ''The Secret Doctrine Commentaries'' (The Hague: I.S.I.S. foundation, 2010), 339.</ref></blockquote>
 
<blockquote>'''Nirvana''' (Sk.). According to the[ Orientalists, the entire "blowing out", like the flame of a candle, the utter extinction of existence. But in the esoteric explanations it is the state of absolute existence and absolute consciousness, into which the Ego of a man who has reached the highest degree of perfection and holiness during life goes, after the body dies, and occasionally, as in the case of Gautama Buddha and others, during life.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Theosophical Glossary'' (Krotona, CA: Theosophical Publishing House, 1973), 232.</ref></blockquote>
 
<blockquote>[W]hat is the good of a virtuous life, full of privations and suffering, if the only result of it is to be annihilation at the end? If even the attainment of that supreme perfection which leads the Initiate to remember the whole series of his past lives, and to foresee that of the future ones, by the full development of that inner, divine eye in him, and to acquire the knowledge that unfolds the causes [Nidānas] of the ever-recurring cycles of existence, brings him finally to non-being, and nothing more— then the whole system is idiotic, and Epicureanism is far more philosophical than such Buddhism. He who is unable to comprehend the subtle, and yet so potent, difference between existence in a material or physical state and a purely spiritual existence—Spirit or “Soul-life”—will never appreciate at their full value the grand teachings of the Buddha, even in their exoteric form. Individual or personal existence is the cause of pains and sorrows; collective and impersonal life-eternal is full of divine bliss and joy for ever, with neither causes nor effects to darken its light. And the hope for such a life-eternal is the keynote of the whole of Buddhism.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. XIV (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1995), 432.</ref></blockquote>
 
[[Damodar K. Mavalankar]] questioned the use of the term Nirvana "as a synonym for annihilation", and explains:
 
<blockquote>Yes: it is annihilation, not of the spiritual Ego, but of the lower principles in man, of the animal Soul, the personality which must perish. . . . A careful study of the Fragments of Occult Truth and other literature on Esoteric Theosophy knows that these lower principles are destructible and must therefore be annihilated. . . . the white magician, by his training as described in the Elixir of Life, gradually kills his lower principles, without any suffering, thus extending over a long period their dissolution; and his Manas identifies itself with his higher — the sixth and seventh — principles. Every tyro in Occultism knows that the sixth principle being but the vehicle of the seventh — which is all-pervading, eternal essence — must be permanent. From the foregoing remarks it is evident that it is the black magician whose lot is annihilation; while the adept, the white magician, enjoys the blissful condition of absolute existence where there is no pain or pleasure, no sorrow or joy, since these are all relative terms, and the state is one of supreme bliss; in short the latter enjoys an immortality of life.<ref>Damodar K. Mavalankar, "White and Black Magic," Supplement to The Theosophist vol 5 (February, 1884), p. 42.</ref></blockquote>
 
According to Mme. Blavatsky "there are two kinds of Nirvâṇa: the earthly, and that of the purely disembodied Spirits".<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. XIV (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1995), 436, fn.</ref> In [[Mahatma Letter No. 119#Page 3|one of his letters]], [[Koot Hoomi|Master K.H.]] said that Nirvana is experienced in the "seventh state of matter".<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ''The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett in chronological sequence'' No. 119 (Quezon City: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 407.</ref>
 
== Parinirvāṇa ==
 
In Buddhism, parinirvana is the final nirvana, which occurs upon the death of the body of someone who has attained complete awakening (bodhi). The parinirvana ([[Pāli]]: ''parinibbana'') of [[Gautama Buddha]] is described in the Mahāparinibbāna sutta.
 
In Blavatsky's writings the term "paranirvana" is used to refer to the state the universe enters at "the great day of Be-with-Us",<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 134.</ref></blockquote> when:
 
<blockquote>. . . everything becomes one, all individualities are merged into one, yet each knowing itself, a mysterious teaching indeed. But then, that which to us now is non-consciousness or the unconscious, will then be absolute consciousness.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. X (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1988), 405.</ref></blockquote>
 
This "day" does not come after a [[Pralaya#Planetary pralaya|planetary pralaya]], but only at the end of the [[maha-manvantara]], when the universal pralaya sets in:<ref>Michael Gomes (transcriber), ''The Secret Doctrine Commentaries'' (The Hague: I.S.I.S. foundation, 2010), 385.</ref>
 
<blockquote>In Paranirvana — when Pralaya will have reduced not only material and psychical bodies, but even the spiritual Ego(s) to their original principle — the Past, Present, and even Future Humanities, like all things, will be one and the same. Everything will have re-entered the Great Breath. In other words, everything will be ‘merged in Brahma’ or the divine unity.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 265-266.</ref></blockquote>
 
In parinivana all things are in [[pariniṣpanna]] or absolute perfection.<ref>Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, ''The Secret Doctrine'' vol. I, (Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 53.</ref>
 
During the course of the manvantara it is said that there is a "[[Ring Pass-Not]]" that prevents embodied consciousness from entering in this state.
 
== Notes ==
 
<references/>
 
==Online resources==
===Articles===
*[http://www.theosophy.ph/encyclo/index.php?title=Nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a# Nirvāṇa] at Theosopedia
 
===Books===
*[http://www.anandgholap.net/Nirvana-GSA.htm# Nirvana - A Study in Synthetic Consciousness] by George S. Arundale
 
[[Category:Sanskrit terms]]
[[Category:Theosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Concepts in The Secret Doctrine]]
[[Category:Hindu concepts]]
[[Category:Buddhist concepts]]
[[es:Nirvāṇa]]

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