Śramaṇā: Difference between revisions

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'''Śramaṇā''' (devanāgarī: श्रमणा) refers to a non-Vedic movement parallel to Vedic [[Hinduism]] in ancient India. The Shramana tradition gave rise to [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Yoga]], and was responsible for the related concepts of the cycle of birth and death, [[samsara]], and liberation.<ref>Flood, Gavin. Olivelle, Patrick. 2003. ''The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.'' Malden: Blackwell. pg. 273-4. "The second half of the first millennium BCE was the period that created many of the ideological and institutional elements that characterize later Indian religions. The renouncer tradtion played a central role during this formative period of Indian religious history....Some of the fundamental values and beliefs that we generally associate with Indian religions in general and Hinduism in particular were in part the creation of the renouncer tradition. These include the two pillars of Indian theologies: samsara - the belief that life in this world is one of suffering and subject to repeated deaths and births (rebirth); moksa/nirvana - the goal of human existence....."</ref>
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