Father-Mother

Father-Mother is a compound term used by H. P. Blavatsky in some different ways. She defines it as the "primordial Substance or Spirit-matter". In this sense, Father-Mother is related to svabhavat. In other passages "father-mother" is used to refer to the more concrete emanation akasha. In yet another sense, "father-mother" refers to the second Logos.

Primordial Substance

The Father-Mother (or Mother-Father) is generally represented as matter (or space) in its first stage of differentiation, when coming out of the laya condition of the the One Element:

The Worlds, including our own, were of course, as germs, primarily evolved from the ONE Element in its second stage (“Father-Mother,” the differentiated World’s Soul, not what is termed the “Over-Soul” by Emerson).

. . . Matter had begun to differentiate, but had not yet assumed form. Father-Mother is a compound term which means primordial Substance or Spirit-matter. When from Homogeneity it begins through differentiation to fall into Heterogeneity, it becomes positive and negative; thus from the “Zero-state” (or laya) it becomes active and passive, instead of the latter alone; and, in consequence of this differentiation (the resultant of which is evolution and the subsequent Universe),—the “Son” is produced, the Son being that same Universe, or manifested Kosmos, till a new Mahapralaya.

The phrase "Spirit-matter" suggests that, though there is a primordial differentiation between these two principles, they are still united.

The Father-Mother contains the germs for the manifestation of all the planes in the universe, and, therefore, the seven fundamental manifestations of force, consciousness, etc. For this reason, the Stanzas of Dzyan portray it as being "seven-Skinned":

Space is called in the esoteric symbolism “the Seven-Skinned Eternal Mother-Father.”

Q. What, then, are the seven layers of Space, for in the “Proem” we read about the “Seven-skinned Mother-Father”?
A. Plato and Hermes Trismegistus would have regarded this as the Divine Thought, and Aristotle would have viewed this “Mother-Father” as the “privation” of matter. It is that which will become the seven planes of being, commencing with the spiritual and passing through the psychic to the material plane. The seven planes of thought or the seven states of consciousness correspond to these planes. All these septenaries are symbolized by the seven Skins.

The Stanza II.5 of Cosmogenesis identifies Father-Mother with Svābhāvat. Mme. Blavatsky also stated:

In Esotericism it [Svabhavat] is called “Father-Mother”. It is the plastic essence of matter.

As for Svabhavat, the Orientalists explain the term as meaning the Universal plastic matter diffused through Space, with, perhaps, half an eye to the Ether of Science. But the Occultists identify it with “father-mother” on the mystic plane.

Finally, there are some references to the Father-Mother as being the Ākāśa (the third, rather than the second stage of differentiation).

Father-Mother of the gods

Another aspect of Father-Mother is that this principle is from where the Logoi and subsequent gods are born:

The first [Logos] is the already present yet still unmanifested potentiality in the bosom of Father-Mother.

The first line or diameter is the Mother-Father; from it proceeds the Second Logos, which contains in itself the Third Manifested Word.

In The Secret Doctrine, that from which the manifested Logos is born is translated by the “Eternal Mother-Father”; while in the Vishnu-Purâna it is described as the Egg of the World, surrounded by seven skins, layers or zones.

It is also said that the Primordial Seven are born from the Father-Mother, before it becomes the Mother under the fecundation of the Third Logos:

Latent, during Pralaya, and active, during Manvantara, the “Primordial” proceed from “Father-Mother” (Spirit-Hyle, or Ilus); whereas the other manifested Quaternary and the Seven proceed from the Mother alone.

“The ‘Primordial’ proceed from ‘Father-Mother’.”

Q. Is Father-Mother here synonymous with the Third Logos?

A. The first primordial seven are born from the Third Logos. This is before it is differentiated into the Mother, when it becomes pure primordial matter in its first primitive essence, Father-Mother potentially.

Second Logos

Although the Father-Mother is seen as the origin of all the Logoi, we also find an identification between this and the Second Logos:

At the time of the primordial radiation, or when the Second Logos emanates, it is Father-Mother potentially, but when the Third or manifested Logos appears, it becomes the Virgin-Mother.

As shown above, the Father-Mother has been defined as "primordial Substance or Spirit-matter". In the First Fundamental Proposition it is written: "Spirit-matter, Life; the “Spirit of the Universe,” the Purusha and Prakriti, or the second Logos". She also states that "the Point in the Triangle represents the Second Logos, “Father-Mother”.

Also, although Father-Mother is identified with Svābhāvat, in Stanza III.10 of Cosmogenesis the former is portrayed as an active principle building on latter, which could be interpreted as referring to the second Logos:

Father-Mother spin a web whose upper end is fastened to Spirit (Purusha), the light of the one Darkness, and the lower one to Matter (Prakriti) its (the Spirit’s) shadowy end; and this web is the Universe spun out of the two substances made in one, which is Swâbhâvat.