Swastika

The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing (卐) form in clockwise motion or its mirrored left-facing (卍) form in counterclockwise motion.

The word swastika came from the Sanskrit word svastika (स्वस्तिक), meaning any lucky or auspicious object, and in particular a mark made on persons and things to denote auspiciousness. It is composed of su- meaning "good, well" and asti "to be". Suasti thus means "well-being." The suffix -ka either forms a diminutive or intensifies the verbal meaning, and suastika might thus be translated literally as "that which is associated with well-being," corresponding to "lucky charm" or "thing that is auspicious."

Earliest archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient India as well as Classical Antiquity. Swastikas have also been used in other various ancient civilizations around the world. It remains widely used in Indian religions, specifically in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, primarily as a tantric symbol to evoke 'shakti' or the sacred symbol of auspiciousness. The swastika is also a Chinese character used in East Asia representing eternity and Buddhism. In medieval Europe it was used by Christians and called a gammadion (because it is made of four Greek gamma letters) or in England a fylfot because it was used as a design to fill (fyl) the foot (fot) of stained glass windows.

The Nazis adopted this ancient holy symbol (which they called Hakenkreuz or “bent cross”) and perverted its meaning, much as the Ku Klux Klan in the United States adopted the cross and perverted its meaning as a sign of hate and intimidation. But the swastika is still used as a holy symbol all over the world, for example by the Jains of India, whose religion is devoted to harmlessness.

All crosses symbolize some aspect of manifestation. The swastika is a whirling cross, its clockwise (righthanded, sunwise, or deasil) motion suggesting the dynamic forces of creation. So the swastika represents the great process of becoming, which produces the world in which we live. It symbolizes what astrophysicists call the expansion of the universe. When the swastika is represented as turning in the opposite direction (that of the Nazi Hakenkreuz), it symbolizes the forces of contraction or destruction that bring about the end of a world when it has completed its evolution. The reverse turning swastika is not evil, but merely a symbol of the winding up of creative energies and of the process of coming to an end.

The swastika is one of the elements present in the Theosophical Seal, and according to H. P. Blavatsky it is a symbol for the activity of the cosmic energy or Fohat.

In Hinduism

Regarding its use among Hindus, Paramahamsa Hariharananda wrote:

One can see this symbol at the front of the house, above the entrance, and in the puja room. When people begin something auspicious or divine they draw the svastika in an artistic manner.

In reference to the two possible motions, he wrote:

... In clockwise rotation . . . symbolizes union, dreation, and harmony . . . manifestation of divinity.
The word svastika means "manifestation of peace. If it moves counter-clockwise, it symbolizes destruction, restlessness, unhappiness and chaos.

Online resources

Articles

• Swastika at Theosopedia
• The Swastika by Anonymous Author
• About Swastika by Esoteric Online