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W. A. Carrithers at a young age

Walter Adley Carrithers (August 14, 1924 - ca. August 21, 1994) was a Theosophical historian in Fresno, California. Using the pen name of Adlai E. Waterman, he wrote the book, Obituary: the “Hodgson Report” on Madame Blavatsky 1885-1960, in which he reveals that the research of Richard Hodgson into the activities of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky was biased and defective.

He formed The Blavatsky Foundation to perpetuate public knowledge of the life and works of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky.

Personal life

Walter Adley Carrithers, Jr., was born on August 14, 1924 in Fresno, California, to Walter Carrithers and Mabel E. Fletcher. His close family relationships were important in his life.

The Carrithers family

Walter Adley Carrithers, Sr. (b. May 9, 1887) was ordained as a minister in the evangelical Pilgrim Holiness denomination in 1922. Carrithers met Mabel Elizabeth Fletcher (b. June 30, 1886), and they married on September 1, 1923 in Fresno. He became pastor of the Pilgrim Holiness Church in Fresno and maintained a ministry to prisoners until his death on March 17, 1964. For twenty-three years, he was also chief mechanic at the Fresno Playground Department, until he retired in 1951. The couple had two sons: Walter born in 1924, and his brother Nathan, born on October 1, 1927.

Nathan was drafted into the Army in 1950, but was released from service in 1953 after suffering a brain injury and a damaging course of insulin shock treatments. He gradually recovered and was able to operate an auto repair shop and to share an interest in photography with his brother. After their mother Mabel died in September, 1973, the two brothers inherited the family home.

Education and employment

Walter enjoyed English and art classes in High School, and was art director for the school yearbook for three years. He won awards in art and essay contests, and wrote letters to local newspapers about subjects like communism and dirigibles. However, he could not maintain interest in other courses like geometry and Spanish that were required for college entrance. Testing showed his IQ to be 138, but lack of discipline and motivation deterred his academic progress. He enrolled in correspondence schools to become a commercial artist, but did not turn in many of the lessons. He also considered librarianship and law school, but could not manage the academic and financial requirements.

In 1944 Walter Jr. took a job as mayonnaise cook at Coleman Products, and stayed there until 1951. After that point, the family struggled financially, since the father had retired from his government job, and Nathan was in the Army. In 1957 Walter Jr. offered astrological readings, advertising in Astrology Guide, but that never generated much income, if any. From 1964-1980 Walter had a typesetting business called Manuscript Typing Service, later known as Textset Col-Type Service.

Work in defending H. P. Blavatsky

Most of Carrithers' life work lay in defending Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (HPB), cofounder of the Theosophical Society in 1875. His intention was triggered by the Blavatsky biography Madame Blavatsky: Priestess of the Occult published by Gertrude Marvin Williams in 1946. Blavatsky was accused of fraud, deceit, espionage, and other things by detractors throughout her involvement in the Theosophical Society. The English Raj in India accused her of spying for the Russians. Spiritualists believed she was faking the phenomena that she produced. Her colorful narratives and inconsistency in relating her personal history often led to allegations that she was was deceitful. Despite her kind actions, the brusque manner of her speech offended some. Richard Hodgson of the Society for Psychical Research in London went to Theosophical Society headquarters at Adyar, Madras, India in 1884 to conduct an investigation that turned into a media circus. Gertrude Marvin Williams was inclined to believe the worst

The Truth about Madame Blavatsky

The first work Carrithers published to defend Madame Blavatsky was The Truth about Madame Blavatsky. It was issued as a pamphlet and also as a Supplement to The Theosophical Forum, April 1947, by the Theosophical Society then at Covina and now at Pasadena, California." It was intended as a direct rebuttal of Williams' negative comments.

Society for Psychical Research

Support for Richard Hodgson's investigation into Madame Blavatsky's phenomena

Carrithers became a dues-paying member of the SPR in 1947, hoping to have more cooperation and influence by working from the inside. This intuition proved to be correct. Over the course of fourteen years, he persuaded the SPR to search out documents used in Hodgson's 1884 investigation:

• Pamphlet by Emma Coulomb that was Hodgson's personal copy, with notations by Blavatsky and Hodgson.
• General Morgan's pamphlet replying to a handwriting expert.
• Preliminary version of the 1884 Hodgson Report.
• Proofs of the Hodgson Report.
• A sketch by Richard Hodgson of HPB's rooms at Adyar.

Carrithers persuaded C. R. Groves of the Theosophical Society in England to have the documents transcribed and then microfilmed, and paid to have the work done. His persistence paid off as a great leap forward in understanding the flaws in Hodgson's work.

Obituary: the "Hodgson Report"

Dr. John Cooper, Theosophical history expert who worked extensively on the Blavatsky correspondence, wrote of this work:

Walter Carrithers will be best remembered under the pen name of Adlai E. Waterman as the author of the book, Obituary: the “Hodgson Report” on Madame Blavatsky 1885-1960, which was published by the Theosophical Publishing House in 1963 with a preface by N. Sri Ram.

The then President of the Theosophical Society called the book а “remarkable piece of work ... undertaken ... with extreme thoroughness and care.”

He became obsessed with this defence and neglected his health by working night after night as one of the Defenders. In some ways he carried this to such an extreme that his friend Boris de Zirkoff wrote to advise that he should “take some rest, some sleep ... and place your mind somewhere else than on those schemers and slanderers.” On Tuesday 14th, November, 1989 Dara Eklund, her husband Nicholas Weeks and I drove to Fresno to meet with Walter. It was a sad visit as he was quite ill.

Walter Carrither’s work continues and his writings deserve close study. His colleagues wish him well in his journey into the unknown.

His book Obituary led to intensive debate with Victor Endersby the editor of Theosophical Notes.

Funding and support for these projects

Carrithers was not a member of any of the branches of the Theosophical Movement, but solicited assistance from all of the organizations and their publishing houses. His interest in HPB accorded with the missions of all these groups. Extensive correspondence demonstrates his engagement with the Theosophical Society based in Adyar, Chennai, India with its English and American sections and Theosophical Publishing House (Adyar); the United Lodge of Theosophists and its Theosophy Company; the Theosophical Society based in Pasadena, California and its Point Loma Publications and Theosophical University Press; and the HPB Library in Canada. He sought research materials and funding. Individuals sent his information, encouragement, and donations to support the work. Some of his most frequent correspondents were Boris de Zirkoff, William Biersach, Iverson L. Harris, Jr., and Michael Gomes.

By 1982 his correspondents had become weary of the continual demands for donations. When he sent out a circular looking for support of his Meade-Campbell project, he received no responses at all.

Formation and activities of The Blavatsky Foundation

He issued regular Newsletters mainly dealing with attacks on Madame Blavatsky for the Foundation.

Other interests

Science fiction, UFOs, and other unexplained phenomena drew his attention in his earlier years. These interests led him to the newsletter ‘’Doubt” of the Fortean Society, where his name appeared in the very last issue of Doubt, 61, in the summer of 1959.

science fiction, UFOs, assassination of JFK, RFK.....

Death

Walter’s health was never robust, and around 1980-1981 he applied for disability and public assistance. He died of heart failure in Fresno on or about August 21, 1994. He was found by the police about three days after his death. Tributes were written in The High Country Theosophist by John Cooper and in the Preface to the online edition of Obituary: "The Hodgson Report, published by The Blavatsky Foundation.

Additional resources

Websites

• The Writings of Walter A. Carrithers, Jr. at the Blavatsky Foundation website.

Articles and pamphlets

• Cooper, John. "Death of an American Theosophist Historian," The High Country Theosophist 10 no.1 (January 1995), 16.
• Price, Leslie. Preface to the online edition of Obituary: "The Hodgson Report".

Books

• Obituary: The "Hodgson Report" on Madame Blavatsky by Walter A. Carrithers, Jr.

Archival collections

• Walter A. Carrithers, Jr. Papers, Records Series 25.26, Theosophical Society in America Archives. This archival collection includes some Blavatsky Foundation records, the extensive correspondence of Walter A. Carrithers, Jr., and notes related to his writings.
• Boris de Zirkoff Papers, Records Series 22, Theosophical Society in America Archives. Walter A. Carrithers, Jr. conducted an extensive correspondence with Boris de Zirkoff.
• Sidney A. Cook Papers, Records Series 08.05, Theosophical Society in America Archives. The presidential papers of Sidney A Cook include some correspondence with or about Carrithers.