View source for Alan Leo

'''UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''<br>
'''UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''<br>
[[File:Alan Leo portrait.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Alan Leo]]
'''Alan Leo''', born William Frederick Allan (1860-1917), was a British astrologer, author, and publisher, and a member of the [[Theosophical Society]]. He has been called "the father of modern [[astrology]]".<ref>Gavin Kent McClung, [http://www.solsticepoint.com/astrologersmemorial/leo.html “What Makes A True Astrologer?”] ‘’Dell Horoscope’’ (June, 2000), 66-77.</ref>  

== Early life ==

William Frederick Allan was born on [[August 7]], 1860 in Westminster, England.

== Astrology and the occult ==


== Theosophical Society involvement ==

Alan Leo was admitted as a member of the [[Theosophical Society]] in Hampstead on April 14, 1891, less than a month before the death of its founder, [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky]].<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 7800 (website file: 1C/46).</ref> His address was given as 9 Lyncroft Gardens, London, N.W., and he continued living at that Hampstead location until his death.	[[Walter Gorn Old]], one of Blavatsky's [[Inner Group]] and General Secretary of the [[Theosophical Society in England]], introduced him to [[Theosophy]].<ref>Leslie Price, "Theosophy's Influence in the British Isles" ''The American Theosophist'' 75.10,  (Nov 1987): 369.</ref> 

== Marriage to Ada Burch ==

'''Ada Elizabeth Murray Burch''' was born in April, 1858 in Salsbury, Wiltshire as the daughter of Samuel and Murray Burch.<ref>1871 England Census.</ref> 

Miss Burch was admitted as a member on September 29, 1892 at the very active Bournemouth Lodge.<ref>Theosophical Society General Membership Register, 1875-1942 at [http://tsmembers.org/ http://tsmembers.org/]. See book 1, entry 8568 (website file: 1C/67).</ref> In 1893 she was married to John Joseph Spark, but in 1894 petitioned for nullification of the union, which was granted on June 17, 1895.<ref> England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915.</ref><ref> England & Wales, Civil Divorce Records, 1858-1918.</ref> Evidently she preferred an asexual union, which she later found with her second husband. <ref>Kim Farnell….</ref>
After she married Alan Leo around 1896 they became members of the [[Blavatsky Lodge]] in London. In 1897 the Leos helped to establish the '''Hampstead Lodge'''. She served as President and he as Secretary, and the lodge’s official address was their home at 9, Lyncroft Gardens, Finchley Road, N.W. Mrs. Leo also presided over the Surbiton Centre.

[[Henry Steel Olcott]] wrote of Miss Burch in 1895, before she married Mr. Leo:
<blockquote>
Among my notable visitors of that time was Miss Brich, F.T.S., of Southampton, now so widely known as the wife of my good friend, Alan Leo, editor of Modern Astrology, and one of the most interested members of our Society in London. The lady has a decided gift for palmistry and, I believe, for psychometry as well. I know quite a number of persons who have been astonished at her power to trace out the varying incidents of their lives in the lines of their hands....

For my part, I hold to the idea which I have expressed before, that, seeing that the Eastern and Western systems of palm-readings are quite different, and yet that equally successful tracings of the subject’s life events have been made by proficients in both of the schools, it is not so much the hard-and-fast system of interpretation of the palm-lines as the possession of a psychical insight which enables the palm reader to trace out the vicissitudes of the subject’s life. This Mrs. Leo seems to have.<ref>Henry Steel Olcott, ''Old Diary Leaves, Fifth Series (1893-96)'' page 363-364. This visit took place in 1895. See [http://www.theosophy.ph/onlinebooks/odl/odl527.html this link].</ref>
</blockquote>

== Later life ==

In 1914, Leo was charged with fortune-telling, but the case was dismissed for lack of evidence. Three years later, he was charged again, and this time he was convicted on July 16, 1917. He paid a small fine and court costs, but the stress took a toll on his health. During the next six weeks, on holiday in Bude, Cornwall, he wrote extensively on how to restate astrological work as character readings and to take out the element of inflexible destiny. On [[August 30]], 1917, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage.<ref>Bessie Leo, ''The Life and Work of Alan Leo: Theosophist—Astrologer—Mason'' (London: Modern Astrology Office, 1919) 72.</ref> His colleague H. S. Greene completed the final work.

[[File:Key to Your Own Nativity cover.jpg|right|170px|thumb|Book cover]]
== Writings ==

Alan Leo was quite a prolific writer. On average he completed a book every three months, 
=== Articles in periodicals ===
The [[Union Index of Theosophical Periodicals]] lists 46 articles by or about [http://www.austheos.org.au/cgi-bin/ui-csvsearch.pl?search=Alan+Leo&method=exact Alan Leo]. Mrs. Bessie Leo also wrote for Theosophical periodicals, at least [http://www.austheos.org.au/cgi-bin/ui-csvsearch.pl?search=Bessie+Leo&method=all&header=field4 16 articles] in all.

Alan Leo also wrote for many other periodicals. In January, 1909, for example ''The Co-Mason'' printed his article on "Astrology and Co-Masonry."<ref>"Studento," "A New Era in Masonry" " ''The Theosophic Messenger'' 11.1 (Oct 1909), 40.</ref>

=== Astrology for All series ===

'''''Astrology for All''''' was a series of seven books that began by with the stated objective of restoring the Astrology of the Chaldeans. In 1917 W. S. Randall published a [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433038782532&view=1up&seq=9 "reference index" to the seven volumes], in which he listed their titles: 

::v.1. Astrology for All. 
::v.2. Casting the Horoscope. 
::v.3. How to Judge a Nativity. 
::v.4. The Art of Synthesis. 
::v.5. The Progressed Horoscope. 
::v.6. The Key to Your Own Nativity. 
::v.7. Esoteric Astrology.

=== Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series ===

'''Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series''' refers to popular books by Alan Leo and his closest associates that were collected into a series under Alan Leo's famous name. Some were printed as miniature books.
[[File:Mundane Astrology.jpg|right|160px|thumb|No. 13 in series]]
::v.1. Everybody's Astrology.
::v.2. What is a Horoscope and How is it Cast?
::v.3. Planetary Influences.
::v.4. The Horoscope in Detail.
::v.5. Directions and Directing: a Sequel to The Horoscope in Detail.
::v.6. The "Reason Why" in Astrology, by H. S. Green.
::v.7  Horary Astrology.  
::v.8. The Degrees of the Zodiac Symbolised, by Charubel.
::v.9. Medical Astrology, by Heinrich Däath.
::v.10. What Do We Mean by Astrology? 
::v.11. A Thousand and One Notable Nativities, compiled/corrected by Alfred H. Barley.
::v.13. Mundane or National Astrology, by H. S. Green.
::v.14. Weather Predicting by Astro-Meteorology, by H. S. Green.

=== Books ===

Alan Leo acted as publisher for most of his own books, using the Modern Astrology Office and his home address. L. N. Fowler & Co. published some volumes and were trade agents for sales of the books. Most titles were issued in multiple printings and editions, and by other publishers. The works are listed here in alphabetical sequence:

* '''''Alan Leo's Dictionary of Astrology''''', edited and completed by Vivian E. Robson. London 1929. 11 editions. Available at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1G6pB9VBdg0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+Dictionary+of+Astrology&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-wn9T-m2MqOi0QXK44XnCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20Dictionary%20of%20Astrology&f=false Google Books].

* '''''The Art of Synthesis'''''.  Originally published 1912 as the second volume of ''How to Judge a Nativity'' in the ''Astrology for All'' series, but later considered to be Volume 4 of that series. 18 editions. Available at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pFTW0Z7R4bAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+The+art+of+synthesis&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dgn9T9eaN-6r0AXRjKT4Bg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20The%20art%20of%20synthesis&f=false Google Books].

* '''''Astrology for All: To Which is Added a Complete System of Predictive Astrology for Advanced Students'''''. London: L.N. Fowler & Co., 1899. Available at [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8CwSAAAAYAAJ Internet Archive] and [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100325768 Hathitrust]. The fourth edition used the subtitle "Individual and Personal Characteristics as Represented by the Sun and Moon" and was published in 1910. Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005776802 Hathitrust].

* '''''The Astrologer and His Work'''''.

* '''''Casting the Horoscope'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1912. Volume 2 of the ''Astrology for All'' series. Available at [[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kqoY00Yohp8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+Casting+the+HOroscope&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hgf9T4z_JdKb1AWT-e31AQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20Casting%20the%20HOroscope&f=false Google Books].

* '''''Character Is Destiny'''''.

* '''''A Comprehensive Glossary of Astrological Terms'''''.

* '''''The Connections of Jupiter with Substance and the Material World'''''.

* '''''The Degrees of the Zodiac Symbolised'''''. 1898. Author name given as Charubel. Number 8 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''Directions and Directing: a Sequel to The Horoscope in Detail'''''. Author H. S. Green. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1910. Number 5 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''Esoteric Astrology''''', London: Modern Astrology Office, 1913. Volume 7 of the ''Astrology for All'' series. At least eighteen editions. Original subtitle: "a study in human nature." Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102687508 Hathitrust] and [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3WLfSmAVXN4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+Esoteric+astrology&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wwn9T6OUN4n80QWHi82nBw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20Esoteric%20astrology&f=false Google Books]. 1925 Second edition is available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/101975124 Hathitrust].

* '''''Everybody's Astrology'''''. Number 1 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''Fresh Sidelights on Astrology'''''. Co-Author C. G. M. Adam.

* '''''Horary Astrology'''''.  London: Modern Astrology Office, 1909. Number 7 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series.  Available at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WyOtuIx67qIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+Horary+astrology&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zgv9T5bjJI6k0AW4kq2kDg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20Horary%20astrology&f=false Google Books].

* '''''Horoscope and How to Read It'''''. 1902.

* '''''The Horoscope in Detail'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1906. Written with H. S. Greene. Number 4 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100490882 Hathitrust]. 

* '''''How to Judge a Nativity'''''. 1904. Volume 3 of the ''Astrology for All'' series. Reprint, London: Modern Astrology Office, 1928. Available at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mPEGVdg7c5MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo+How+to+Judge+a+Nativity&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xAr9T8OJBcao0QWi45hC&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo%20How%20to%20Judge%20a%20Nativity&f=false Google Books].

* '''''Jupiter: the Preserver'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1917. Subtitled "being the substance of a course of Public Lectures delivered before the Astrological Society in the months of October, November and December, 1916, with an introduction." Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100194428?type%5B%5D=author&lookfor%5B%5D=%22Leo%2C%20Alan.%22&ft= Hathitrust].

* '''''The Key to your own Nativity'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1910. Volume 6 of the ''Astrology for All'' series. Available at [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fDJY1Vzxa4MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Alan+Leo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FQz9T5aaC8ag0QXl3-WUBw&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Alan%20Leo&f=false Google Books].

* '''''Mars: the War Lord'''''. 1915. A course of public lectures presented before the Astrological Society in the months of January, February and March of 1915. Available at [https://books.google.com/books/about/Mars.html?id=9MEvgsFJy_sC Google Books]. Limited access to 1970 edition available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102294715 Hathitrust].

* '''''Mundane or National Astrology.'''''. 1920. Author H. S. Green. Subtitle "a short introduction to the study of the effects of equinoxes, solstices, new moons, eclipses, and other celestial phenomena upon the different countries of the world and their inhabitants." Number 13 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series.

* '''''Planetary Astrology'''''.

* '''''Planetary Influences'''''. Author Bessie Leo, revised and supplemented by Alan Leo. Number 2 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''Practical Astrology'''''. 

* '''''The Progressed Horoscope'''''. London, L.N. Fowler & Co.: 1906. Co-author Heinrich Däath. Volume 5 of the ''Astrology for All'' series. Subtitle of 1906 edition: "a sequel to How to judge a nativity, wherein the progression of the horoscope is exhaustively considered, to which is added 'The art and practice of directing,' a complete treatise on primary directions, by Heinrich Däath."Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008596657 Hathitrust] and [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OY7ZLx4jQmcC Internet Archive]. 

* '''''Rays of Truth'''''. Co-author Bessie Leo.

* '''''The "Reason Why" in Astrology or, Philosophy and First Principles". 1910. Author H. S. Green. Number 6 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series.  

* '''''Saturn: the Reaper'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1917. Subtitle ""Being the substance of a course of public lectures delivered before the Astrological Society, in the months of January, February, and March, 1916." Limited access to 1970 edition at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102068784 Hathitrust].

* '''''The Soul of Astronomy'''''.

* '''''Symbolism and Astrology'''''.

* '''''The Symbolism of Astrology'''''.

* '''''A Thousand and One Notable Nativities'''''. 1917. Subtitle of the second edition: "the astrologer's 'Who's Who.' 1930 fourth edition included corrections by the sub-editor of ''Modern Astrology'', Alfred H. Barley. Number 11 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''Weather Predicting by Astro-meteorology'''''. 1912. Author H. S. Green. Number 14 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series.  

* '''''What is Astrology?'''''. London, 1907. Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102746846 Hathitrust].

* '''''What is a Horoscope and How is it Cast?: a Book for Beginners'''''. 1910. Number 2 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. 

* '''''What Do We Mean by Astrology?: a Book for the Enquirer'''''. London: Modern Astrology Office, 1910. Number 10 in Alan Leo's Astrological Manuals series. Second edition stated: "Being the second edition of "The rationale of astrology."

[[File:Godfather-of-Modernity-Boxed Set.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Boxed set of Alan Leo works on DVD]]
=== Collected writings ===

Leo's journals and books have been collected by Philip M. Graves and released by Astrolearn.com as a DVD boxed set under the name [https://www.astrolearn.com/astrology-books-dvd/godfather-of-modernity/ "Godfather of Modernity: the Alan Leo Legacy"].

Volume 1 - '''''Godfather of Modernity''''' - Early Astrological Journals, 1890-1912. 
* All 60 issues of ''The Astrologer’s Magazine'' edited by Alan Leo jointly with Frederick Lacey from August 1890 to July 1895.
* The first 205 issues of ''Modern Astrology'' edited by Alan Leo from August 1895 to December 1912. These were issued monthly except for four Decembers when it was not published.
* The first two (of four published) issues of ''The Astrologer’s Annual'', a short-lived publication that was issued instead of ''Modern Astrology'' in December 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1908 only.

Volume 2 - '''''Itinerant to Eternity''''' - all issues of ''Modern Astrology'' published from 1913 through to around 1938.

Volume 3 - Books and pamphlets - not yet released as of early 2021.

[[File:Farnell Modern Astrologers.jpg|right|130px|thumb|Kim Farnell biography of the Leos]]
== Additional resources ==
* [http://www.khaldea.com/charts/alanleo.shtml Alan Leo Natal Horoscope] at Khaldea.

* Harris, Philip Sidney. [https://www.theosophy.world/encyclopedia/leo-alan"Leo, Alan"] in Theosophy World. Originally published in ''Theosophical Encyclopedia'' Quezon City, Philippines: Theosophical Publishing House, 2006.
* Farnell, Kim. ''Modern Astrologers: The Lives of Alan and Bessie Leo''. 2019. 
* Leo, Bessie. ''The Life and Work of Alan Leo: Theosophist—Astrologer—Mason''. London : Modern Astrology Office, 1919. Foreword by Annie Besant. Available at [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007689927 Hathitrust].

=== Video ===

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k86Unv1HumY Alan Leo and Early Modern Astrology, with Kim Farnell]. An interview with Kim Farnell about her new book titled Modern Astrologers: The Lives of Alan and Bessie Leo. June 12, 2019. Episode 209 of The Astrology Podcast.

== Notes ==
<references/>

[[Category:Nationality English|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Astrologers|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Masons|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Publishers|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Writers|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Editors|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:Famous people|Leo, Alan]]
[[Category:People|Leo, Alan]]