Hodgson Report: Difference between revisions
Pablo Sender (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Pablo Sender (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
*[http://blavatskyarchives.com/mahatmasapparitions.htm#1# Paranormal Features of Some of the Appearances of the Mahatmas] by Daniel H. Caldwell | *[http://blavatskyarchives.com/mahatmasapparitions.htm#1# Paranormal Features of Some of the Appearances of the Mahatmas] by Daniel H. Caldwell | ||
*[http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/theos/th-sprgk.htm# H. P. Blavatsky and The Society for Psychical Research] by Grace F. Knoche | *[http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/theos/th-sprgk.htm# H. P. Blavatsky and The Society for Psychical Research] by Grace F. Knoche | ||
*[http://www.theosophyforward.com/theosophy-and-the-society-in-the-public-eye/133-notes-by-the-way-white-lotus-day# Notes By The Way: White Lotus Day] by Leslie Price | |||
*[http://www.blavatsky.net/gen/refute/sprpress.htm# Press Release of Society for Psychical Research, 1986] at Blavatsky Net | *[http://www.blavatsky.net/gen/refute/sprpress.htm# Press Release of Society for Psychical Research, 1986] at Blavatsky Net | ||
Revision as of 19:28, 24 September 2014
The Hodgson Report was a document that arose from an investigation by the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) on H. P. Blavatsky, her performance of psychic phenomena, and the production of the Mahatma letters. In November, 1884, Richard Hodgson of the SPR went to India and visited the Adyar headquarters of the Theosophical Society. He was deceived by Emma Coulomb and her husband Alexis into believing that Madame Blavatsky had faked phenomena and forged letters. Hodgson wrote a 200-page report that he presented to the SPR. Even though the Society the Psychical Research never officially endorsed the report, the public invested Hodgson's writings with the full authority of the London Society. An international scandal ensued, and Hodgson's denunciation of Blavatsky was treated as authoritative in many books and enclopedias for decades, to the great detriment of her reputation and that of the Theosophical Society.
The case was re-examined a hundred years later by Dr. Vernon Harrison, an expert on forgery, which led to the SPR to publish a report taking exception of the methods used by Richard Hodgson.
Coulomb affair
Hodgson goes to India
The report
Boston Courier reaction
The report drew international attention. The Boston Courier printed a lengthy and scathing article, saying the SPR "has made no more egregious blunder than its report on Theosophy." It quoted a letter signed by almost seventy citizens of Negapatam (now Nagapattinam), India, regarding one of Richard Hodgson's major assertions:
The existence of the Mahatmas or Sadhus was not invented by Madame Blavatsky or any other individual. Our forefathers who had lived and gone long before the birth of Madame Blavatsky and the Coulombs had full belief in the existence of the Mahatmas and their psychical powers, and even had personal interviews with them. There are persons in India, even at the present day,who have no connection with the Theosophuical Society, and yet have interviews with such Superior Beings... Let Mr. Hodgson and the Committee, if they are in earnest, make deep researches into the matter and find that their conclusions were not only hasty but also entirely unfounded. The report of Mr. Hodgson and the conclusion of the Committee thereon, cannot at all affect in the least our belief in the existence of the Mahatmas, but will only betray their grossest ignorance of the Occult history of the Hindus.[1]
The article went on to criticize Hodgson's qualifications and the quality of his work:
The truth is that Mr. Hodgson, sent out by the London society to India, to investigate Madame Blavatsky, was so entirely unfitted for the work confided to him that he fell a victim to errors the most egregious. He set down to the credit of Madame Blavatsky's inventive powers theories and statements which may be found even in plenty of English works upon Indian religions published in London a century or more ago; and the society can hardly be willing to attribute to Madame a term of life so extended as to suppose her to have instigated the writing of books so old.[2]
Theosophical responses
A. P. Sinnett
A. P. Sinnett refuted the report in a 60-page booklet, The Occult World Phenomena and the Society for Psychical Research, published in 1886.[3]
Annie Besant
Testimony by C. W. Leadbeater
In an article published in The Theosophist, C. W. Leadbeater wrote the following:
I was at Adyar myself when Mr. Hodgson came out there to make that investigation. He was very young and obviously not very well acquainted with psychic matters. I had my own opinion of the way in which he carried out his investigation! I gave him a considerable amount of testimony, but he did not refer to that in any way in drawing up his decision, and I know the same was the case with several others of our people there. He cross-examined us but apparently made no use whatever of what we told him of the honesty of Madame Blavatsky; perhaps he did not believe us; at any rate he sent in a report which induced people to condemn her.[4]
Re-examination by Dr. Vernon Harrison
Dr. Vernon Harrison, an expert on forgery, examined the evidence of the case using Twentieth Century forensic methodology. He published an article in the April 1986 issue of the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, followed by a book, H. P. Blavatsky and the SPR. An Examination of the Hodgson Report of 1885, in which he outlined flaws in Hodgson's work. On May 8, 1986, the Society for Psychical Research issued a press release in support of Harrison's findings, and rejecting the Hodgson report.[5]
Online Resources
Articles and pamphlets
- The Great Mare's Nest of the Psychical Research Society by Annie Besant
- The Society for Psychical Research and the Theosophical Phenomena. The Report of the S.P.R. on Madame Blavatsky at Blavatsky Study Center
- Paranormal Features of Some of the Appearances of the Mahatmas by Daniel H. Caldwell
- H. P. Blavatsky and The Society for Psychical Research by Grace F. Knoche
- Notes By The Way: White Lotus Day by Leslie Price
- Press Release of Society for Psychical Research, 1986 at Blavatsky Net
Books
- First Report of the Committee of the Society for Psychical Research at The Blavatsky Archives Online
- Obituary: The "Hodgson Report" on Madame Blavatsky by Walter A. Carrithers, Jr.
- H. P. Blavatsky and the SPR. An Examination of the Hodgson Report of 1885 by Vernon Harrison, Ph.D.
- The Coulomb Conspiracy against Theosophy by Charles J. Ryan, from H. P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement, Ch. 13.
- The "Occult World Phenomena" and the Society for Psychical Research by A. P. Sinnett
Additional resources
- The Coulomb Case. Some Suggested Reading - Pro and Con at Blavatsky Study Center
Notes
- ↑ "Theosophy and the Psychical Society," Boston Courier 63:21 (July 18, 1886). The entire article is reproduced in the "Boston Courier reaction" section of this wiki page.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ A. P. Sinnett, The Occult World Phenomena and the Society for Psychical Research, London: George Redway, 1886. Available online at Blavatsky Archives.
- ↑ Charles Webster Leadbeater, "Theosophy and the T.S." The Theosophist vol:1, No. 11 (November, 1930), 941.
- ↑ Press Release of Society for Psychical Research, May 8, 1986. Available at [http://www.blavatsky.net/gen/refute/sprpress.htm# Blavatsky Net.