Anagarika Dharmapala: Difference between revisions
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== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
== Theosophical | == Theosophical involvement == | ||
In 1874, when Dharmapala was a boy, he attended a great debate between Christians and Buddhists that took place in Ceylon. When Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky heard about this some time later, they wrote to the Buddhists Gunananda and Sumangala that, in the interest of universal brotherhood, they would come to Ceylon to help the Buddhists. Dharmapala wrote: | In 1874, when Dharmapala was a boy, he attended a great debate between Christians and Buddhists that took place in Ceylon. When Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky heard about this some time later, they wrote to the Buddhists Gunananda and Sumangala that, in the interest of universal brotherhood, they would come to Ceylon to help the Buddhists. Dharmapala wrote: | ||
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He worked alongside with Col. Olcott for the Buddhist revival in Ceylon and in 1889 they traveled to Japan in an effort to create an ecumenical "International Buddhist League". | He worked alongside with Col. Olcott for the Buddhist revival in Ceylon and in 1889 they traveled to Japan in an effort to create an ecumenical "International Buddhist League". | ||
In 1893 Dharmapala went to the USA for the first time when attending the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, where he was a speaker. During the trip he visited Brooklyn, N.Y., where he met many Theosophists, attended their meetings, and gave a talk at the Aryan T.S. He also stopped in San Francisco on his way back home via Japan, where once more he met members of the TS and lectured publicly for them, causing much favorable comment in the newspapers of the West coast. He made a good impression among people who met him, described as one of "gentleness, sincerity, and devotion."<ref>Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.</ref> | In 1893 Dharmapala went to the USA for the first time when attending the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, where he was a speaker. During the trip he visited Brooklyn, N.Y., where he met many Theosophists, attended their meetings, and gave a talk at the Aryan T.S. In a public ceremony under the auspices of the TS he conducted the first conversion into Buddhism on American soil, of Mr. C. T. Strauss, a Jewish haberdasher.<ref>Richard Hughes Seager, ''The World's Parliament of Religions'' (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 156.</ref> | ||
He also stopped in San Francisco on his way back home via Japan, where once more he met members of the TS and lectured publicly for them, causing much favorable comment in the newspapers of the West coast. He made a good impression among people who met him, described as one of "gentleness, sincerity, and devotion."<ref>Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.</ref> | |||
Dharmapala eventually broke with the [[Theosophical Society]]. As scholar David McMahan pointed out, an important reason for this was the Theosophical teaching that all religions are branches of a universal Wisdom-Religion: | Dharmapala eventually broke with the [[Theosophical Society]]. As scholar David McMahan pointed out, an important reason for this was the Theosophical teaching that all religions are branches of a universal Wisdom-Religion: | ||
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<blockquote>Our own beloved brother and Fellow-Theosophist, H. Dhammapala, Secretary of the Maha Bodhi Society, has been commissioned to represent the Southern Buddhist Church.It is expected by the Auxiliary managers that he will be one'of the greatest attractions in the Parliament of Religions, and every courtesy will be extended to him by them during his stay in Chicago. The Local Committee on the Theosophical Congress hope to secure his services also during our sessions.<ref>???.</ref></blockquote> | <blockquote>Our own beloved brother and Fellow-Theosophist, H. Dhammapala, Secretary of the Maha Bodhi Society, has been commissioned to represent the Southern Buddhist Church.It is expected by the Auxiliary managers that he will be one'of the greatest attractions in the Parliament of Religions, and every courtesy will be extended to him by them during his stay in Chicago. The Local Committee on the Theosophical Congress hope to secure his services also during our sessions.<ref>???.</ref></blockquote> | ||
His talk "The World' | His talk "The World's Debt to Buddha" captivated people's attention. Dharmapala explained to the Parliament that the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] had denied the existence of a [[God|Creator]], and appealed the audience by pointing out that the developing [[evolution]]ary science was preparing the Western minds for the Buddhist teachings. He remarked: | ||
<blockquote>Accepting the doctrine of evolution as the only true one, with its corollary, the [[Karma|law of cause and effect]], he condemns the idea of a creator and strictly forbids inquiry into it as being useless.<ref>Richard Hughes Seager, ''The World's Parliament of Religions'' (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 81.</ref></blockquote> | |||
He added that Buddhism was "a comprehensive system of ethics and a transcendental metaphysics embracing embracing a sublime psychology".<ref>Richard Hughes Seager, ''The World's Parliament of Religions'' (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 111.</ref> | |||
Through these talks he brought the teachings of the Buddha to the Western world in a massive way for the first time. His work in the USA made him attain international recognition.<ref>Thomas A. Tweed (ed), ''Asian Religions in America'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 134.</ref> | |||
Dharmapala also acted as a representative of the Ceylon Section of the [[Theosophical Society]] in the two-day congress organized by the TS within the context of the wider Parliament. He spoke twice here, the last one being for a general presentation of Theosophy to the Parliament, with 4,000 present.<ref>Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.</ref> | Dharmapala also acted as a representative of the Ceylon Section of the [[Theosophical Society]] in the two-day congress organized by the TS within the context of the wider Parliament. He spoke twice here, the last one being for a general presentation of Theosophy to the Parliament, with 4,000 present.<ref>Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 21:47, 28 August 2014
ARTICLE UNDER CONSTRUCTION
ARTICLE UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Early life
Theosophical involvement
In 1874, when Dharmapala was a boy, he attended a great debate between Christians and Buddhists that took place in Ceylon. When Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky heard about this some time later, they wrote to the Buddhists Gunananda and Sumangala that, in the interest of universal brotherhood, they would come to Ceylon to help the Buddhists. Dharmapala wrote:
The letters from Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky were translated into Sinhalese and widely distributed. My heart warmed toward these two strangers, so far away and yet so sympathetic, and I made up my mind that, when they came to Ceylon, I would join them.
They did come to Colombo a few years later, when I was sixteen. The Buddhists entertained them royally. I remember going up to greet them. The moment I touched their hands, I felt overjoyed. The desire for universal brotherhood, for all the things they wanted for humanity, struck a responsive chord in me. I began to read their magazine. . . . I pondered on the conversations I had had with the two Theosophists. I made up my mind not to entangle myself in the net of worldly desires. I would endeavor from then on to devote my life to the welfare of others. Exactly how I was to carry out my resolve, I was not certain, but I felt that somehow the way would be found in the writings of Madame Blavatsky.[1]
He worked alongside with Col. Olcott for the Buddhist revival in Ceylon and in 1889 they traveled to Japan in an effort to create an ecumenical "International Buddhist League".
In 1893 Dharmapala went to the USA for the first time when attending the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, where he was a speaker. During the trip he visited Brooklyn, N.Y., where he met many Theosophists, attended their meetings, and gave a talk at the Aryan T.S. In a public ceremony under the auspices of the TS he conducted the first conversion into Buddhism on American soil, of Mr. C. T. Strauss, a Jewish haberdasher.[2]
He also stopped in San Francisco on his way back home via Japan, where once more he met members of the TS and lectured publicly for them, causing much favorable comment in the newspapers of the West coast. He made a good impression among people who met him, described as one of "gentleness, sincerity, and devotion."[3]
Dharmapala eventually broke with the Theosophical Society. As scholar David McMahan pointed out, an important reason for this was the Theosophical teaching that all religions are branches of a universal Wisdom-Religion:
One of the important factors in his rejection of theosophy centered on this issue of universalism; the price of Buddhism being assimilated into a non-Buddhist model of truth was ultimately too high for him.[4]
World's Parliament of Religions in 1893
Col. Olcott sponsored Dharmapala to be invited as a speaker by the managers of the first World Parliament of Religions, held at Chicago in 1893. He was the first Theravada Buddhist missionary in the United States, and his presence generated high expectations. W. Q. Judge wrote:
Our own beloved brother and Fellow-Theosophist, H. Dhammapala, Secretary of the Maha Bodhi Society, has been commissioned to represent the Southern Buddhist Church.It is expected by the Auxiliary managers that he will be one'of the greatest attractions in the Parliament of Religions, and every courtesy will be extended to him by them during his stay in Chicago. The Local Committee on the Theosophical Congress hope to secure his services also during our sessions.[5]
His talk "The World's Debt to Buddha" captivated people's attention. Dharmapala explained to the Parliament that the Buddha had denied the existence of a Creator, and appealed the audience by pointing out that the developing evolutionary science was preparing the Western minds for the Buddhist teachings. He remarked:
Accepting the doctrine of evolution as the only true one, with its corollary, the law of cause and effect, he condemns the idea of a creator and strictly forbids inquiry into it as being useless.[6]
He added that Buddhism was "a comprehensive system of ethics and a transcendental metaphysics embracing embracing a sublime psychology".[7]
Through these talks he brought the teachings of the Buddha to the Western world in a massive way for the first time. His work in the USA made him attain international recognition.[8]
Dharmapala also acted as a representative of the Ceylon Section of the Theosophical Society in the two-day congress organized by the TS within the context of the wider Parliament. He spoke twice here, the last one being for a general presentation of Theosophy to the Parliament, with 4,000 present.[9]
Maha Bodhi Society
Lecturing
Mr. Dharmapala was much in demand as a speaker. on October 30, 1896, he wrote this response to a request by Dr. J. D. Buck to schedule a lecture:
I have received your kind note. I am sorry I have engagements accepted all through November. Early December I may or may not remain in Chicago.
You ask me "What would your price or terms be." A follower of Buddha charges no price; he gives freely and abundantly. He lives for the world and works without expecting reward of any kind. Wherever I am asked to go I go.[10]
This letter was printed on the stationery of the Open Court Publishing Company in Chicago, which published works of many Theosophists and was highly engaged with the concept of interfaith parliaments.
Online resources
Articles
- Anagarika Dharmapala at Theosopedia
Notes
- ↑ Daniel Caldwell, The Esoteric World of Mme. Blavatsky, (Wheaton, IL: Quest Books, 2000), ???.
- ↑ Richard Hughes Seager, The World's Parliament of Religions (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 156.
- ↑ Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.
- ↑ David L. McMahan, The Making of Buddhist Modernism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 111.
- ↑ ???.
- ↑ Richard Hughes Seager, The World's Parliament of Religions (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 81.
- ↑ Richard Hughes Seager, The World's Parliament of Religions (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995), 111.
- ↑ Thomas A. Tweed (ed), Asian Religions in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 134.
- ↑ Anon., "Faces of Friends," The Path VIII:9 (December, 1893), 273.
- ↑ A. Dharmapala letter to J. D. Buck. Dated October 30, 1896. Cincinnati Theosophical Society Papers. Records Series 20.02.01. Theosophical Society in America Archives.