G. N. Chakravarti
Gyanandra Nath Chakravarti (1861-1936) was an Indian Theosophist and scholar who greatly impressed the world with his excellent lectures at the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago.
Personal life and career
In 1861 Gyanandra Nath Chakravarti was born a Brahmin of the Sandilya Gotra. He was educated at a missionary school at Benares, then at Calcutta University, and at Muir College, Allahabad. He was awarded M.A. and LLB. degrees.[1]
Subsequently, he had filled the chair of physical science at a college in Bareilly, and, at the time of meeting Mr. Bertram Keightley [around 1891], he was Professor of mathematics at Muir College. He had also studied law and had been admitted to practice in the English courts in India. Nor had his breeding been in any wise neglected from the oriental standpoint. He had been strictly reared in all the observances of his caste, was thoroughly versed in the scriptures and traditions of Brahminism, and was highly esteemed by his co-religionists as well as among the English.[2]
By 1893 he Professor of Mathematics at the University of Allâhâbâd (ancient Prayâga). Later, in 1902 he held a position as an Inspector of Schools.[3] Professor Chakravarti, "then pro-vice-chancellor of Banares Hindu University (BHU), was made the first vice-chancellor of the University of Lucknow on December 16, 1920.[4]
"Throughout his life, the Vice-Chancellor, wherever he was staying, rose at three in the morning and meditated until six."[5] He died in 1936.
Mrs. Chakravarti
His wife, a Bengali named Monica Devi Chakravarti (1882-1944), was a remarkable woman. She had four children and was said to have adopted 40 more.
In 1925, she had an overwhelming experience of the unitive vision. She sought her husband's permission to become a wandering mendicant monk. As his wife's guru, Dr. Chakravarti invested Monica with the robes of the Vaishnava order of Vairagis. She shaved her head and took the name Sri Yashoda Mai.[6]
She became spiritual advisor to Ronald Nixon (1898–1965), who was later known as Sri Krishna Prem. They founded Mirtola, the famous ashram.[7]
Involvement with Theosophical Society
As a young man Chakravarti was introduced to the Theosophical Society by his uncle and met Society Founders Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Colonel Henry Steel Olcott.
In his twentieth year he became, through the influence of his uncle, a member of the Cawnpore Branch of the T.S. Young as he was, he was selected as a member of the Committee which, at the Convention in December, 1884, unanimously recommended that no defense be made on behalf of H.P.B. against the Coulomb charges. In the intervening years he had contributed occasional articles to The Theosophist and was, in 1893, President of the Students Theosophical Association at Allahabad...
He was well known to Col. Olcott and on friendly terms with both native and English members of the T.S. in India.
Although Prof. Chakravarti had not been active Theosophically and was not a member of the Esoteric Section but was, on the contrary, a chela of one of the numerous Yoga systems in India, Mr. Bertram Keightley soon came to believe him to be, if not a Mahatma, at least an Occultist of high rank and in direct connection with the Masters of H.P.B. Moreover, in the congenial atmosphere of Col. Olcott and the other workers at headquarters, Mr. Keightley found tendencies and predilections in the line of the Third Object fully in flower. In the circumstances it was inevitable that these influences should divorce him more and more from the lines followed by H.P.B. and those wedded to her view of the true mission of the Theosophical Society.[8]
1893 Parliament
in 1893, the Theosophical Society sent a delegation of speakers to the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, led by vice president William Quan Judge. Official delegates included Annie Besant, Professor G. N. Chakravarti, the Anagarika Dharmapala, Miss F. Henrietta Müller, and Mrs. Isabel Cooper-Oakley.
G. N. Chakravarti left India in June and journeyed to England where he remained two months, chiefly as the guest of Mr. Bertram Keightley. He met all the leading Theosophists in Britain and was intensely active among them during his entire stay. His coming had been anticipated with the utmost interest, as may be imagined, and his suavity, his versatility and great knowledge, added to the lure of oriental mystery with which he was surrounded, gave him a vogue that rose to veneration on the part of the "household" at Avenue Road. Toward the end of August he sailed for America in company with Mrs. Besant, Miss Muller, and others. In the United States the party was received by Mr. Judge and leading American Theosophists as distinguished visitors.[9]
Prof. G. N. Chakravarti represented Brahmanism, bringing credentials from three Brahmanical Sabhâs. He was Professor of Mathematics at the University of Allâhâbâd (ancient Prayâga), and a member of the T.S. Branch in that city.[10]
The Professor traveled by train from New York with Mr. Judge and Mrs. Besant. On September 9, they made a stop in Ohio and lectured at the dedication of the new Theosophical Hall of the Cincinnati Theosophical Society. Their lectures were outlined in the lodge's minutes book, which they all signed.[11]
Chakravarti and Annie Besant
It has been suggested that around the time of the Parliament, Chakravarti influenced a susceptible Annie Besant – that he cast a "glamour" over her in a manner close to black magic. Sven Eek and Boris de Zirkoff summarized this viewpoint:
It so happened that Annie Besant was especially strongly impressed by the personality of Chakravarti, and from that time on her opinions became colored by his point of view. Playing on her desire for occult powers, Chakravarti "captured" Mrs. Besant in less than two months. Judge watched his growing ascendancy over her mind with anxiety, as he intuitively felt that a subtle attempt was being made then to divert her efforts from the genuine line of occultism into a sectarian offshoot. He became more uneasy when, on Mrs. Besant's return to England with the party that included Chakravarti, she prepared to go to India on a long lecture tour, and he warned her that it was not an auspicious tie to go. Before leaving, she spent some time in London during which she saw a good deal of the Brahmana; the latter leter for India shortly before Mrs. Besant and Countess Wachtmeister started for the Orient.[12]
Honors
A Dr. Chakravarti Gold Medal is awarded annually at Lucknow University.
Notes
- ↑ , 443.
- ↑ John Garrigues and others, The Theosophical Movement 1875-1925: A History and a Survey, 443. See Blavatsky Archives website.
- ↑ Report of the Indian Universities Commission: 1902. Page 90.
- ↑ Mohita Tewari, "How a Two-Room Memorial School Turned into a 225-acre Lucknow University." The Times of India. Nov 11, 2019. Available at [The Times of India website.
- ↑ Seymour B. Ginsberg, Masters Speak: An American Businessman Encounters Ashish and Gurdjieff (Wheaton, Illinois: Theosophical Publishing House, 2014), 17.
- ↑ Seymour B. Ginsberg, Masters Speak: An American Businessman Encounters Ashish and Gurdjieff (Wheaton, Illinois: Theosophical Publishingn House, 2014), 17-18.
- ↑ Seymour B. Ginsberg, "Mirtola: a Himalayan Ashram with Theosophical Roots" Quest 100. 3 (Summer 2012): 98-105.
- ↑ Garrigues, 443-444.
- ↑ Garrigues, 446.
- ↑ Sven Eek and Boris de Zirkoff, compilers and editors, "William Quan Judge: His Life and Work" Echoes of the Orient: The Writings of William Quan Judge (Pasadena, California: Theosophical University Press, 2011), xlv.
- ↑ Minute Book of the Cincinnati Theosophical Society. September 5-19, 1893. Cincinnati Theosophical Society Records. Records Series 20.02.01. Theosophical Society in America Archives.
- ↑ Sven Eek and Boris de Zirkoff, xlv.