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[[File:Koot Hoomi.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Portrait by<br>[[Hermann Schmiechen|H. Schmiechen]]]]
[[File:Koot Hoomi.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Portrait of Mahatma Koot Hoomi by [[Hermann Schmiechen|H. Schmiechen]]]]
 
'''Koot Hoomi''' (also spelled Kuthumi, and frequently referred to simply as K.H.) is one of the [[Mahatma]]s that inspired the founding of the [[Theosophical Society]]. He engaged in a correspondence with two English [[Theosophist|Theosophists]] living in India, [[A. P. Sinnett]] and [[A. O. Hume]], correspondence was published in the book [[The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett (book)|''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'']].
Koot Hoomi (also spelled Kuthumi, and frequently referred to simply as K.H.) is one of the Mahatmas that inspired the founding of the [[Theosophical Society]]. He engaged in a correspondence with two English [[Theosophist|Theosophists]] living in India, [[A. P. Sinnett]] and [[A. O. Hume]], correspondence was published in the book [[The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett (book)|''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'']].
 


== Personal features ==
== Personal features ==


Little descriptive references to K.H. occur in [[The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett]] and the writings of [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]]. The name Koot Hoomi seems to be a pseudonym. We find a reference to a "Rishi Kuthumi" in several Puranas, as for example in the [[Vishnu Purana]] (Book 3, Chapter 6) where he is said to be a pupil of Paushyinji. In reference to this [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] wrote:
Few descriptive references to K.H. occur in [[The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett]] and the writings of [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]]. The name Koot Hoomi seems to be a pseudonym. We find a reference to a "Rishi Kuthumi" in several Puranas, as for example in the [[Vishnu Purana]] (Book 3, Chapter 6) where he is said to be a pupil of Paushyinji. In reference to this [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] wrote:


<blockquote>The name of Rishi Koothumi is mentioned in more than one Purana, and his Code is among the 18 Codes written by the various Rishis and preserved at Calcutta in the library of the Asiatic Society. But we have not been told whether there is any connection between our Mahatma of that name, and the Rishi, and we do not feel justified in speculating upon the subject. All we know is, that both are Northern Brahmans, while the Môryas are Kshatriyas.<ref>Blavatsky, H. P., ''Collected Writings'' vol. VI, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 41.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>The name of Rishi Koothumi is mentioned in more than one Purana, and his Code is among the 18 Codes written by the various Rishis and preserved at Calcutta in the library of the Asiatic Society. But we have not been told whether there is any connection between our Mahatma of that name, and the Rishi, and we do not feel justified in speculating upon the subject. All we know is, that both are Northern Brahmans, while the Môryas are Kshatriyas.<ref>H. P. Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. VI, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 41.</ref></blockquote>


K.H.'s early letters to Sinnett are signed with the name Koot Hoomi Lal Sing. However, later in the correspondence, he says the "Lal Singh" was an addition made by his disciple [[Djwal Khool]]:
K.H.'s early letters to Sinnett are signed with the name Koot Hoomi Lal Sing. However, later in the correspondence, he says the "Lal Singh" was an addition made by his disciple [[Djwal Khool]]:


<blockquote>Why have you printed the Occult World before sending it to me for revision? I would have never allowed the passage to pass; nor the "Lal Sing" either foolishly invented as half a nom de plume by Djwal K. and carelessly allowed by me to take root without thinking of the consequences. . .<ref>Hao Chin, Vic., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'' No. 136, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 450.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Why have you printed the Occult World before sending it to me for revision? I would have never allowed the passage to pass; nor the "Lal Sing" either foolishly invented as half a nom de plume by Djwal K. and carelessly allowed by me to take root without thinking of the consequences. . .<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 136, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 450. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 136#Page 10 - left|Mahatma Letter No. 136 page 10]].</ref></blockquote>
 
The word "Lal" is mostly used in Chitral (now in Pakistan) as surname or "Title name", meaning "Tribe Chief". "Singh" is a common title, middle name, or surname originally used by the Hindu Kshatriyas (warriors and kings). It is used as a surname or middle name by Sikhs, and Hindu communities like Rajputs, Marathas, Jats, Yadavs and Ahirs among other.


In an interview by [[Charles Johnston]] to [[H. P. Blavatsky]], he described the handwriting of Master K.H. in the following way:
In an interview by [[Charles Johnston]] to [[H. P. Blavatsky]], he described the handwriting of Master K.H. in the following way:


<blockquote>. . . evidently a man of very gentle and even character, but of tremendously strong will; logical, easy-going, and taking endless pains to make his meaning clear. It was altogether the handwriting of a cultivated and very sympathetic man.<ref>Blavatsky, H. P., ''Collected Writings'' vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>. . . evidently a man of very gentle and even character, but of tremendously strong will; logical, easy-going, and taking endless pains to make his meaning clear. It was altogether the handwriting of a cultivated and very sympathetic man.<ref>H. P. Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.</ref></blockquote>
[[File:Ravine_in_Tibet.gif‎ |right|250px]]
[[File:Ravine_in_Tibet.gif‎ |right|250px]]
Master KH is said to live in a house in a ravine in Tibet, near the house of [[Morya|Master Morya]]. In 1881, Colonel Henry S. Olcott wrote to [[A. O. Hume]]:
Master KH is said to live in a house in a ravine in Tibet, near the house of [[Morya|Master Morya]]. In 1881, Colonel Henry S. Olcott wrote to [[A. O. Hume]]:


<blockquote>I have also personally known [Master Koot Hoomi] since 1875. He is of quite a different, a gentler, type, yet the bosom friend of the other [Master Morya]. They live near each other with a small Buddhist Temple about midway between their houses.
<blockquote>I have also personally known [Master Koot Hoomi] since 1875. He is of quite a different, a gentler, type, yet the bosom friend of the other [Master Morya]. They live near each other with a small Buddhist Temple about midway between their houses.
In New York, I had . . . and a colored sketch on China silk of the landscape near [Koot Hoomi]'s and my Chohan's residences with a glimpse of the latter’s house and of part of the little temple.<ref>Hume, A. O., ''Hints on Esoteric Theosophy'' vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 83.</ref></blockquote>
In New York, I had . . . a colored sketch on China silk of the landscape near [Koot Hoomi]'s and my Chohan's residences with a glimpse of the latter’s house and of part of the little temple.<ref>A. O. Hume, ''Hints on Esoteric Theosophy'' vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 83.</ref></blockquote>
[[File:Ladakh Map.jpg‎ |right|300px]]
[[File:Ladakh Map.jpg‎ |right|300px]]
[[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]], in a letter to [[Mary Hollis Billing|Mrs. Hollis Billings]] wrote:
[[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]], in a letter to [[Mary Hollis Billing|Mrs. Hollis Billings]] wrote:


<blockquote>Now Morya lives generally with Koot-Hoomi who has his house in the direction of the Kara Korum [Karakoram] Mountains, beyond Ladak, which is in Little Tibet and belongs now to Kashmire. It is a large wooden building in the Chinese fashion pagoda-like, between a lake and a beautiful mountain. . . .<ref>Blavatsky, H.P., ''The Theosophical Forum'' (Point Loma, California: May 1936), 345.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Now Morya lives generally with Koot-Hoomi who has his house in the direction of the Kara Korum [Karakoram] Mountains, beyond Ladak, which is in Little Tibet and belongs now to Kashmire. It is a large wooden building in the Chinese fashion pagoda-like, between a lake and a beautiful mountain. . . .<ref>H. P. Blavatsky, ''The Theosophical Forum'' (May, 1936), 345.</ref></blockquote>


This is confirmed by a reference given by Mahatma K. H. himself, in a letter to [[A. P. Sinnett]]:
This is confirmed by a reference given by Mahatma K. H. himself, in a letter to [[A. P. Sinnett]]:


<blockquote>I was coming down the defiles of Kouenlun — Karakorum you call them . . . and was crossing over to Lhadak on my way home.<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ''The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett in chronological sequence'' No. 5 (Quezon City: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 15.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>I was coming down the defiles of Kouenlun — Karakorum you call them . . . and was crossing over to Lhadak on my way home.<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ''The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 5 (Quezon City: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 15. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 5#Page 2|Mahatma Letter No. 5 page 2]].</ref></blockquote>
 
=== Account by C. W. Leadbeater ===
 
[[C. W. Leadbeater]] described the physical appearance of Master KH in this way:
 
<blockquote>The Master Kuthumi wears the body of a Kashmiri Brahman, and is as fair in complexion as the average Englishman. He, too, has flowing hair, and His eyes are blue and full of joy and love. His hair and beard are brown, which, as the sunlight catches it, becomes ruddy with glints of gold. His face is somewhat hard to describe, for His expression is ever changing as He smiles; the nose is finely chiselled, and the eyes are large and of a wonderful liquid blue.<ref>C. W. Leadbeater, ''The Masters and the Path'' (Chicago: Theosophical Press, 1925), 38.</ref></blockquote>


== Education in Europe ==
== Education in Europe ==


Apparently before being an Adept, Master Koot Hoomi visited Europe and studied in some of the Universities there. [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] said that Mahatma K.H. "is a Kashmiri Brahman by birth . . . and has travelled a good deal in Europe."<ref>Blavatsky, H. P., ''Collected Writings'' vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.</ref>
Apparently before being an Adept, Master Koot Hoomi visited Europe and studied in some of the Universities there. [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] said that Mahatma K.H. "is a Kashmiri Brahman by birth . . . and has travelled a good deal in Europe."<ref>H. P. Blavatsky, ''Collected Writings'' vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.</ref>


Mr. [[A. O. Hume]], in his "Hints on Esoteric Theosophy," wrote:
Mr. [[A. O. Hume]], in his "Hints on Esoteric Theosophy," wrote:


<blockquote>Take a case said to have occurred many years ago in Germany, in which a Brother, who has corresponded with us, is said to have taken part.  He was at this time a student, and though in course of preparation was not then himself an Adept, but was, like all regular chelas, under the special charge of an Adept.  A young friend of his was accused of forgery, and tried for the same.  Our Brother, then a student as above explained, was called as a witness to prove his friend's handwriting; the case was perfectly clear and a conviction certain.  Through his mentor, our Brother learnt that his accused friend did not really deserve punishment that would necessarily fall on him, and which would have ruined not only him, but other innocent persons dependent on him.  He had really committed a forgery but not knowingly or meaningly, though it was impossible to show this.  So when the alleged forged document was handed to the witness, he merely said:  "I see nothing written here," and returned the deed blank.  His mentor had caused the entire writing to disappear.  It was supposed that a wrong paper had been by mistake handed to the witness; search was made high and low, but the deed never appeared, and the accused was perforce acquitted.<ref>Hume, A. O., ''Hints on Esoteric Theosophy'' vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 29.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Take a case said to have occurred many years ago in Germany, in which a Brother, who has corresponded with us, is said to have taken part.  He was at this time a student, and though in course of preparation was not then himself an Adept, but was, like all regular chelas, under the special charge of an Adept.  A young friend of his was accused of forgery, and tried for the same.  Our Brother, then a student as above explained, was called as a witness to prove his friend's handwriting; the case was perfectly clear and a conviction certain.  Through his mentor, our Brother learnt that his accused friend did not really deserve punishment that would necessarily fall on him, and which would have ruined not only him, but other innocent persons dependent on him.  He had really committed a forgery but not knowingly or meaningly, though it was impossible to show this.  So when the alleged forged document was handed to the witness, he merely said:  "I see nothing written here," and returned the deed blank.  His mentor had caused the entire writing to disappear.  It was supposed that a wrong paper had been by mistake handed to the witness; search was made high and low, but the deed never appeared, and the accused was perforce acquitted.<ref>A. O. Hume, ''Hints on Esoteric Theosophy'' vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 29.</ref></blockquote>
 
Maybe it is because of this that the [[Morya|Master Morya]] refers to K.H. as "a fine scholar".<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 86. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 29#Page 1|Mahatma Letter No. 29 page 1]].</ref> Master K.H. speaks English and French well, which in one letter led Master M. to call him "Frenchified". <ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 26, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 83. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 26#Page 1|Mahatma Letter No. 26 page 1]].</ref>. He probably knew German also.
 
In a letter received by Mr. Sinnett on July 5, 1881, Master K.H. wrote:


Maybe it is because of this that the [[Morya|Master Morya]] refers to K.H. as "a fine scholar". <ref>Hao Chin, Vic., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'' No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 86.</ref> Master K.H. speaks English and French well, which in one letter led Master M. to call him "Frenchified". <ref>Hao Chin, Vic., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'' No. 26, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 83.</ref>. He probably knew German also.
<blockquote>I may answer you, what I said to [[G. H. Fechner]] one day, when he wanted to know the Hindu view on what he had written — "You are right;... ‘every diamond, every crystal, every plant and star has its own individual soul, besides man and animal...and, ‘there is a hierarchy of souls from the lowest forms of matter up to the World Soul,’ but you are mistaken when adding to the above the assurance that ‘the spirits of the departed hold direct psychic communication with Souls that are still connected with a human body’ — for, they do not."<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr.,  ed., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 18, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 63. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 18#Page 13|Mahatma Letter No. 18 page 13-14]].</ref></blockquote>


== Evidence of his existence ==
In 1883, [[C. C. Massey]], leader of the British Theosophists, tried to test this evidence of the existence of the Mahatmas by writing to Dr. Hugo Wernekke, who lived at Weimar, Germany, and was in touch with a Professor [[Gustav T. Fechner]]. He wanted "to find out whether Professor Fechner ever had such a conversation with an Oriental." The answer from Professor G. T. Fechner to Dr. Hugo Wernekke dated "Leipzig, April 25th, 1883" said:


In a letter received by Mr. Sinnett on July 5, 1881, Master K.H. wrote:
<blockquote>What Mr. Massey enquires about is undoubtedly in the main correct; the name of the Hindu concerned, when he was in Leipzig, was however, [[Nisi Kanta Chattopadhyaya]], not Koot Humi. In the middle of the seventies he lived for about one year in Leipzig and aroused a certain interest owing to his foreign nationality, without being otherwise conspicuous; he was introduced to several families and became a member of the Academic Philosophical Society, to which you also belonged, where on one occasion he gave a lecture on Buddhism.<ref>See "Echoes of the Past: Master Koot Hoomi" by Mary K. Neff at http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/neffkoothoomi.htm</ref></blockquote>


<blockquote>I may answer you, what I said to G. Th. Fechner one day, when he wanted to know the Hindu view on what he had written — "You are right;... ‘every diamond, every crystal, every plant and star has its own individual soul, besides man and animal...’ and, ‘there is a hierarchy of souls from the lowest forms of matter up to the World Soul,’ but you are mistaken when adding to the above the assurance that ‘the spirits of the departed hold direct psychic communication with Souls that are still connected with a human body’ — for, they do not."<ref>Hao Chin, Vic., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'' No. 18, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 63.</ref></blockquote>
C. C. Massey wrongly assumed that [[Nisi Kanta Chattopadhyaya]] was a pseudonym used by Master K.H., although the former was well-known Indian gentleman.


In 1883 [[C. C. Massey]], leader of the British Theosophists, tried to test this evidence of the existence of the Mahatmas by writing to Dr. Hugo Wernekke, who lived at Weimar, Germany, and was in touch with Professor Fechner. He wanted "to find out whether Professor Fechner ever had such a conversation with an Oriental." The answer from Professor Fechner to Dr. Hugo Wernekke dated "Leipzig, April 25th, 1883" said:
== Travels ==


<blockquote>What Mr. Massey enquires about is undoubtedly in the main correct; the name of the Hindu concerned, when he was in Leipzig, was however, Nisi Kanta Chattopadhyaya, not Koot Humi. In the middle of the seventies he lived for about one year in Leipzig and aroused a certain interest owing to his foreign nationality, without being otherwise conspicuous; he was introduced to several families and became a member of the Academic Philosophical Society, to which you also belonged, where on one occasion he gave a lecture on Buddhism.  I have these notes from Mr. Wirth, the Librarian of the Society, who is good enough to read to me three times a week.  I also heard him give a lecture in a private circle on the position of women among the Hindus.  I remember very well that he visited me once, and though I cannot remember our conversation, his statement that I questioned him about the faith of the Hindus is very likely correct.  Apart from this I have not had personal intercourse with him; but, after his complete disappearance from Leipzig, I have been interested to hear about him, and especially to know that he plays an important role in his native country, such as undoubtedly he could not play here.</blockquote>
Koot Hoomi traveled widely, as documented by [[Mary K. Neff]]:<ref>Mary K. Neff, ''The "Brothers" of Madame Blavatsky'' (Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1932), 63-79. Quoting from Introduction to ''Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett'', ''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'', and other sources.</ref>
* 1870s - student in Europe - Leipzig, Zurich, Wurzburg
* 1880 - Toling, in western Tibet; Kashmir; Karakorum, in Mongolia
* 1881 - Tirich Mir, a mountain in the Hindu Kush range; Sakkya-Jung, Ghalaring-Tho Lamasery, and Horpa Pa La, in unknown territory
* 1882 - Unknown location of KH's retreat; Himalayan lamasery near Darjeeling
* 1883 - extended tour of Asia; Lake Manasarovara in the Himalayas; Lahore; Kashmir; Madras; Singapore; Ceylon; Burma; Mysore; Sanangerri (unknown location); China; Cambodia


Travel was difficult. KH wrote in [[Mahatma Letter No. 20]], "I hope these disjointed reflections may be pardoned in one who remained for over nine days in his stirrups without dismounting."
== K.H.'s retreat and initiation ==
== K.H.'s retreat and initiation ==


[[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] in Oct 2, 1881 described this to Mrs. [[Mary Hollis Billings|Mrs. Hollis Billings]] as follows:
On Oct 2, 1881, [[H. P. Blavatsky|Mme. Blavatsky]] described this to [[Mary Hollis Billings|Mrs. Hollis Billings]] as follows:


<blockquote>K. H. or Koot-Hoomi is now gone to sleep for three months to prepare during this Sumadhi or continuous trance state for his initiation, the last but one, when he will become one of the highest adepts.  Poor K. H. his body is now lying cold and stiff in a separate square building of stone with no windows or doors in it, the entrance to which is effected through an underground passage from a door in Toong-ting (reliquary, a room situated in every Thaten (temple) or Lamisery; and his Spirit is quite free.  An adept might lie so for years, when his body was carefully prepared for it beforehand by mesmeric passes etc.  It is a beautiful spot where he is now in the square tower.  The Himalayas on the right and a lovely lake near the lamisery.  His Cho-han (spiritual instructor, master, and the Chief of a Tibetan Monastery takes care of his body.  M . . also goes occasionally to visit him.  It is an awful mystery that state of cataleptic sleep for such a length of time. . .<ref>Blavatsky, H.P., ''The Theosophical Forum'' (Point Loma, California: May 1936), 345.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>K. H. or Koot-Hoomi is now gone to sleep for three months to prepare during this Sumadhi or continuous trance state for his initiation, the last but one, when he will become one of the highest adepts.  Poor K. H. his body is now lying cold and stiff in a separate square building of stone with no windows or doors in it, the entrance to which is effected through an underground passage from a door in Toong-ting (reliquary, a room situated in every Thaten (temple) or Lamisery; and his Spirit is quite free.  An adept might lie so for years, when his body was carefully prepared for it beforehand by mesmeric passes etc.  It is a beautiful spot where he is now in the square tower.  The Himalayas on the right and a lovely lake near the lamisery.  His Cho-han (spiritual instructor, master, and the Chief of a Tibetan Monastery takes care of his body.  M . . also goes occasionally to visit him.  It is an awful mystery that state of cataleptic sleep for such a length of time. . .<ref>H. P. Blavatsky, ''The Theosophical Forum'' (Point Loma, California: May 1936), 345.</ref></blockquote>


[[Morya|Master Morya]] in a letter to [[A. P. Sinnett]] described K.H.'s retreat as follows:   
[[Morya|Master Morya]] in a letter to [[A. P. Sinnett]] described K.H.'s retreat as follows:   


<blockquote>At a certain spot not to be mentioned to outsiders, there is a chasm spanned by a frail bridge of woven grasses and with a raging torrent beneath. The bravest member of your Alpine clubs would scarcely dare to venture the passage, for it hangs like a spider’s web and ''seems'' to be rotten and impassable. Yet it is not; and he who dares the trial and succeeds — as he will if it is right that he should be permitted — comes into a gorge of surpassing beauty of scenery — to one of ''our'' places and to some of ''our'' people, of which and whom there is no note or minute among European geographers. At a stone’s throw from the old Lamasery stands the old tower, within whose bosom have gestated generations of Bodhisatwas. It is there, where now rests your lifeless friend — my brother, the light of my soul, to whom I made a faithful promise to watch during his absence over ''his'' work.<ref>Hao Chin, Vic., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'' No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 87.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>At a certain spot not to be mentioned to outsiders, there is a chasm spanned by a frail bridge of woven grasses and with a raging torrent beneath. The bravest member of your Alpine clubs would scarcely dare to venture the passage, for it hangs like a spider’s web and ''seems'' to be rotten and impassable. Yet it is not; and he who dares the trial and succeeds — as he will if it is right that he should be permitted — comes into a gorge of surpassing beauty of scenery — to one of ''our'' places and to some of ''our'' people, of which and whom there is no note or minute among European geographers. At a stone’s throw from the old Lamasery stands the old tower, within whose bosom have gestated generations of Bodhisatwas. It is there, where now rests your lifeless friend — my brother, the light of my soul, to whom I made a faithful promise to watch during his absence over ''his'' work.<ref>Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., ''Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence'' No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 87. See [[Mahatma Letter No. 29#Page 4|Mahatma Letter No. 29 page 4]].</ref></blockquote>
 
In another letter, Mme. Blavatsky writes:
 
<blockquote>Koot Hoomi awoke from his Samadhi on December 24th [1881]. On the 1st of January [1882], he communicated with us, and is now teaching Mr. Sinnett philosophy again.<ref>From an unpublished letter found by Daniel Caldwell, preserved in the archives of Brigham Young University in Utah.</ref></blockquote>
 
== Writings ==
 
K.H. was an excellent writer. In addition to his extensive correspondence, he provided articles and guidance to several periodicals.
 
=== Letters written by K.H. ===
 
K. H. had the assignment to educate two English [[Theosophist|Theosophists]] living in India, [[A. P. Sinnett]] and [[A. O. Hume]], and this primarily took the form of correspondence that was published in the book '''[[The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett (book)|''The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett'']]'''. In addition, letters to [[H. P. Blavatsky]], [[Henry Steel Olcott|Colonel Olcott]], and many others were published in '''[[Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom (book)|''Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom'']]'''.
 
For a list of Master K. H.'s letters that were published in these sources, see '''[[:Category:ML from Koot Hoomi]]'''. There are 195 letters in all, which were typically written in blue ink. His writing demonstrates a wide knowledge of religion, science, literature, and current affairs, and frequently includes phrases in Latin and French.
 
=== Involvement in periodicals ===


== Account by C. W. Leadbeater ==
He took a keen interest in [[The Theosophist (periodical)|''The Theosophist'']], and wrote many articles. He  "exercised a constant and varied supervision, from proof reading to furnishing material for articles and substance for replies to enquiring or controversial letters, when not writing them himself."<ref>Mary K. Neff, ''The "Brothers" of Madame Blavatsky'' (Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1932), 22. See Chapter III, pages 22-33.</ref> KH was also heavily involved in planning for the establishment of [[A. P. Sinnett|A. P. Sinnett's]] proposed daily Indian newspaper, [[Phoenix Venture|''The Phoenix'']], but funding for the venture was never sufficient.


[[C. W. Leadbeater]] describes the physical appearance of Master KH as follows:
=== Esoteric commentaries ===


<blockquote>The Master Kuthumi wears the body of a Kashmiri Brahman, and is as fair in complexion as the average Englishman. He, too, has flowing hair, and His eyes are blue and full of joy and love. His hair and beard are brown, which, as the sunlight catches it, becomes ruddy with glints of gold. His face is somewhat hard to describe, for His expression is ever changing as He smiles; the nose is finely chiselled, and the eyes are large and of a wonderful liquid blue.<ref>Leadbeater, C. W., ''The Masters and the Path'' (Chicago: Theosophical Press, 1925), 38.</ref></blockquote>
K. H. also wrote commentaries on [[Helena Petrovna Blavatsky|Madame Blavatsky's]] Esoteric instructions. Some of this material is available at the [https://blavatskyarchives.com/koothoomicommentaries.htm Blavatsky Study Center] online.


== Samples of signature ==
=== Handwriting style ===
 
The calligraphic style of KH letters is neat and easily understood by modern readers. In [[Mahatma Letter No. 5#Page 5|Mahatma Letter No. 10, page 5]] he responded to Sinnett, who had evidently commented on the way KH wrote the letter "m":
<blockquote>
Did you write "tune"? Well, well; I must ask you to buy me a pair of spectacles in London. And yet &ndash; out of "time" or out of "tune" is all one, as it seems. But you ought to adopt my old fashioned habit of "little lines" over the "m's." Those bars are useful, even though "out of tune and time" with modern caligraphy. Besides, bear in mind, that these my letters, are not written but <u>impressed</u> or [[Precipitation|precipitated]] and then all mistakes corrected.
</blockquote>
 
The horizontal bar over the letter "m" is called a macron, a kind of diacritical marking. It serves solely to distinguish letter "m" to distinguish it from the similar "n" in handwriting, and was never adopted into typesetting of that letter. Here two examples from this same letter:
<gallery>
File:Osmosis from.png|"osmosis from" page 1
File:Amritsar.png|"Amritsar" page 4
File:time.JPG|"time" page 5
</gallery>
 
=== Samples of signature ===
 
Here are examples of KH's initials and full signature:


<gallery>
<gallery>
Line 76: Line 125:
</gallery>
</gallery>


== Notes ==
== Online resources ==
===Articles===
*[http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/ravinetext.htm# Where was the "Ravine in Tibet"?] by Daniel H. Caldwell
*[http://prajnaquest.fr/blog/k-h-and-the-kadampas# K.H. and the Kadampas] by Jacques Mahnich
*[http://blavatskyarchives.com/neffkoothoomi.htm# Echoes of the Past: Master Koot Hoomi] by Mary K. Neff
*[https://www.theosophy.world/encyclopedia/koot-hoomi-mahatma Koot Hoomi, Mahatma] in Theosophy World


<references/>
=== Commentaries ===


* [https://blavatskyarchives.com/koothoomicommentaries.htm Some Commentaries on H.P.B.'s Esoteric Instructions I and II] at Blavatsky Study Center, and described in this way:
<blockquote>
Reprinted from "Instruction VI," pp. 225-233 in E.S.T. Instructions:  Nos. IV, V and VI.  This publication was issued in 1901 by the The Eastern School of Theosophy, P.O. Box 1584, New York, N.Y.  Research has shown that much of this material from Master K.H. dates back to the 1880s. For more background information on "Instruction VI," see pp. xxiv and 197 in The Inner Group Teachings of H.P. Blavatsky, 2nd revised and enlarged edition, compiled and annotated by Henk J. Spierenburg, San Diego, California, Point Loma Publications, 1995.
</blockquote>


== Additional resources ==
== Notes ==
 
<references/>
*[http://blavatskyarchives.com/neffkoothoomi.htm# Echoes of the Past: Master Koot Hoomi] by Mary K. Neff
*[http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/ravinetext.htm# Where was the "Ravine in Tibet"?] by Daniel H. Caldwell


[[Category:Theosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Theosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Mahatmas and Adepts]]
[[Category:Mahatmas and Adepts]]
[[Category:Associates of HPB]]
[[Category:Associates of HPB]]
[[Category:People|Koot Hoomi]]
[[es:Kuthumi]]
[[ru:Кут Хуми]]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 24 November 2023

Portrait of Mahatma Koot Hoomi by H. Schmiechen

Koot Hoomi (also spelled Kuthumi, and frequently referred to simply as K.H.) is one of the Mahatmas that inspired the founding of the Theosophical Society. He engaged in a correspondence with two English Theosophists living in India, A. P. Sinnett and A. O. Hume, correspondence was published in the book The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett.

Personal features

Few descriptive references to K.H. occur in The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett and the writings of Mme. Blavatsky. The name Koot Hoomi seems to be a pseudonym. We find a reference to a "Rishi Kuthumi" in several Puranas, as for example in the Vishnu Purana (Book 3, Chapter 6) where he is said to be a pupil of Paushyinji. In reference to this Mme. Blavatsky wrote:

The name of Rishi Koothumi is mentioned in more than one Purana, and his Code is among the 18 Codes written by the various Rishis and preserved at Calcutta in the library of the Asiatic Society. But we have not been told whether there is any connection between our Mahatma of that name, and the Rishi, and we do not feel justified in speculating upon the subject. All we know is, that both are Northern Brahmans, while the Môryas are Kshatriyas.[1]

K.H.'s early letters to Sinnett are signed with the name Koot Hoomi Lal Sing. However, later in the correspondence, he says the "Lal Singh" was an addition made by his disciple Djwal Khool:

Why have you printed the Occult World before sending it to me for revision? I would have never allowed the passage to pass; nor the "Lal Sing" either foolishly invented as half a nom de plume by Djwal K. and carelessly allowed by me to take root without thinking of the consequences. . .[2]

The word "Lal" is mostly used in Chitral (now in Pakistan) as surname or "Title name", meaning "Tribe Chief". "Singh" is a common title, middle name, or surname originally used by the Hindu Kshatriyas (warriors and kings). It is used as a surname or middle name by Sikhs, and Hindu communities like Rajputs, Marathas, Jats, Yadavs and Ahirs among other.

In an interview by Charles Johnston to H. P. Blavatsky, he described the handwriting of Master K.H. in the following way:

. . . evidently a man of very gentle and even character, but of tremendously strong will; logical, easy-going, and taking endless pains to make his meaning clear. It was altogether the handwriting of a cultivated and very sympathetic man.[3]

Ravine in Tibet.gif

Master KH is said to live in a house in a ravine in Tibet, near the house of Master Morya. In 1881, Colonel Henry S. Olcott wrote to A. O. Hume:

I have also personally known [Master Koot Hoomi] since 1875. He is of quite a different, a gentler, type, yet the bosom friend of the other [Master Morya]. They live near each other with a small Buddhist Temple about midway between their houses. In New York, I had . . . a colored sketch on China silk of the landscape near [Koot Hoomi]'s and my Chohan's residences with a glimpse of the latter’s house and of part of the little temple.[4]

Ladakh Map.jpg

Mme. Blavatsky, in a letter to Mrs. Hollis Billings wrote:

Now Morya lives generally with Koot-Hoomi who has his house in the direction of the Kara Korum [Karakoram] Mountains, beyond Ladak, which is in Little Tibet and belongs now to Kashmire. It is a large wooden building in the Chinese fashion pagoda-like, between a lake and a beautiful mountain. . . .[5]

This is confirmed by a reference given by Mahatma K. H. himself, in a letter to A. P. Sinnett:

I was coming down the defiles of Kouenlun — Karakorum you call them . . . and was crossing over to Lhadak on my way home.[6]

Account by C. W. Leadbeater

C. W. Leadbeater described the physical appearance of Master KH in this way:

The Master Kuthumi wears the body of a Kashmiri Brahman, and is as fair in complexion as the average Englishman. He, too, has flowing hair, and His eyes are blue and full of joy and love. His hair and beard are brown, which, as the sunlight catches it, becomes ruddy with glints of gold. His face is somewhat hard to describe, for His expression is ever changing as He smiles; the nose is finely chiselled, and the eyes are large and of a wonderful liquid blue.[7]

Education in Europe

Apparently before being an Adept, Master Koot Hoomi visited Europe and studied in some of the Universities there. Mme. Blavatsky said that Mahatma K.H. "is a Kashmiri Brahman by birth . . . and has travelled a good deal in Europe."[8]

Mr. A. O. Hume, in his "Hints on Esoteric Theosophy," wrote:

Take a case said to have occurred many years ago in Germany, in which a Brother, who has corresponded with us, is said to have taken part. He was at this time a student, and though in course of preparation was not then himself an Adept, but was, like all regular chelas, under the special charge of an Adept. A young friend of his was accused of forgery, and tried for the same. Our Brother, then a student as above explained, was called as a witness to prove his friend's handwriting; the case was perfectly clear and a conviction certain. Through his mentor, our Brother learnt that his accused friend did not really deserve punishment that would necessarily fall on him, and which would have ruined not only him, but other innocent persons dependent on him. He had really committed a forgery but not knowingly or meaningly, though it was impossible to show this. So when the alleged forged document was handed to the witness, he merely said: "I see nothing written here," and returned the deed blank. His mentor had caused the entire writing to disappear. It was supposed that a wrong paper had been by mistake handed to the witness; search was made high and low, but the deed never appeared, and the accused was perforce acquitted.[9]

Maybe it is because of this that the Master Morya refers to K.H. as "a fine scholar".[10] Master K.H. speaks English and French well, which in one letter led Master M. to call him "Frenchified". [11]. He probably knew German also.

In a letter received by Mr. Sinnett on July 5, 1881, Master K.H. wrote:

I may answer you, what I said to G. H. Fechner one day, when he wanted to know the Hindu view on what he had written — "You are right;... ‘every diamond, every crystal, every plant and star has its own individual soul, besides man and animal...’ and, ‘there is a hierarchy of souls from the lowest forms of matter up to the World Soul,’ but you are mistaken when adding to the above the assurance that ‘the spirits of the departed hold direct psychic communication with Souls that are still connected with a human body’ — for, they do not."[12]

In 1883, C. C. Massey, leader of the British Theosophists, tried to test this evidence of the existence of the Mahatmas by writing to Dr. Hugo Wernekke, who lived at Weimar, Germany, and was in touch with a Professor Gustav T. Fechner. He wanted "to find out whether Professor Fechner ever had such a conversation with an Oriental." The answer from Professor G. T. Fechner to Dr. Hugo Wernekke dated "Leipzig, April 25th, 1883" said:

What Mr. Massey enquires about is undoubtedly in the main correct; the name of the Hindu concerned, when he was in Leipzig, was however, Nisi Kanta Chattopadhyaya, not Koot Humi. In the middle of the seventies he lived for about one year in Leipzig and aroused a certain interest owing to his foreign nationality, without being otherwise conspicuous; he was introduced to several families and became a member of the Academic Philosophical Society, to which you also belonged, where on one occasion he gave a lecture on Buddhism.[13]

C. C. Massey wrongly assumed that Nisi Kanta Chattopadhyaya was a pseudonym used by Master K.H., although the former was well-known Indian gentleman.

Travels

Koot Hoomi traveled widely, as documented by Mary K. Neff:[14]

  • 1870s - student in Europe - Leipzig, Zurich, Wurzburg
  • 1880 - Toling, in western Tibet; Kashmir; Karakorum, in Mongolia
  • 1881 - Tirich Mir, a mountain in the Hindu Kush range; Sakkya-Jung, Ghalaring-Tho Lamasery, and Horpa Pa La, in unknown territory
  • 1882 - Unknown location of KH's retreat; Himalayan lamasery near Darjeeling
  • 1883 - extended tour of Asia; Lake Manasarovara in the Himalayas; Lahore; Kashmir; Madras; Singapore; Ceylon; Burma; Mysore; Sanangerri (unknown location); China; Cambodia

Travel was difficult. KH wrote in Mahatma Letter No. 20, "I hope these disjointed reflections may be pardoned in one who remained for over nine days in his stirrups without dismounting."

K.H.'s retreat and initiation

On Oct 2, 1881, Mme. Blavatsky described this to Mrs. Hollis Billings as follows:

K. H. or Koot-Hoomi is now gone to sleep for three months to prepare during this Sumadhi or continuous trance state for his initiation, the last but one, when he will become one of the highest adepts. Poor K. H. his body is now lying cold and stiff in a separate square building of stone with no windows or doors in it, the entrance to which is effected through an underground passage from a door in Toong-ting (reliquary, a room situated in every Thaten (temple) or Lamisery; and his Spirit is quite free. An adept might lie so for years, when his body was carefully prepared for it beforehand by mesmeric passes etc. It is a beautiful spot where he is now in the square tower. The Himalayas on the right and a lovely lake near the lamisery. His Cho-han (spiritual instructor, master, and the Chief of a Tibetan Monastery takes care of his body. M . . also goes occasionally to visit him. It is an awful mystery that state of cataleptic sleep for such a length of time. . .[15]

Master Morya in a letter to A. P. Sinnett described K.H.'s retreat as follows:

At a certain spot not to be mentioned to outsiders, there is a chasm spanned by a frail bridge of woven grasses and with a raging torrent beneath. The bravest member of your Alpine clubs would scarcely dare to venture the passage, for it hangs like a spider’s web and seems to be rotten and impassable. Yet it is not; and he who dares the trial and succeeds — as he will if it is right that he should be permitted — comes into a gorge of surpassing beauty of scenery — to one of our places and to some of our people, of which and whom there is no note or minute among European geographers. At a stone’s throw from the old Lamasery stands the old tower, within whose bosom have gestated generations of Bodhisatwas. It is there, where now rests your lifeless friend — my brother, the light of my soul, to whom I made a faithful promise to watch during his absence over his work.[16]

In another letter, Mme. Blavatsky writes:

Koot Hoomi awoke from his Samadhi on December 24th [1881]. On the 1st of January [1882], he communicated with us, and is now teaching Mr. Sinnett philosophy again.[17]

Writings

K.H. was an excellent writer. In addition to his extensive correspondence, he provided articles and guidance to several periodicals.

Letters written by K.H.

K. H. had the assignment to educate two English Theosophists living in India, A. P. Sinnett and A. O. Hume, and this primarily took the form of correspondence that was published in the book The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. In addition, letters to H. P. Blavatsky, Colonel Olcott, and many others were published in Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom.

For a list of Master K. H.'s letters that were published in these sources, see Category:ML from Koot Hoomi. There are 195 letters in all, which were typically written in blue ink. His writing demonstrates a wide knowledge of religion, science, literature, and current affairs, and frequently includes phrases in Latin and French.

Involvement in periodicals

He took a keen interest in The Theosophist, and wrote many articles. He "exercised a constant and varied supervision, from proof reading to furnishing material for articles and substance for replies to enquiring or controversial letters, when not writing them himself."[18] KH was also heavily involved in planning for the establishment of A. P. Sinnett's proposed daily Indian newspaper, The Phoenix, but funding for the venture was never sufficient.

Esoteric commentaries

K. H. also wrote commentaries on Madame Blavatsky's Esoteric instructions. Some of this material is available at the Blavatsky Study Center online.

Handwriting style

The calligraphic style of KH letters is neat and easily understood by modern readers. In Mahatma Letter No. 10, page 5 he responded to Sinnett, who had evidently commented on the way KH wrote the letter "m":

Did you write "tune"? Well, well; I must ask you to buy me a pair of spectacles in London. And yet – out of "time" or out of "tune" is all one, as it seems. But you ought to adopt my old fashioned habit of "little lines" over the "m's." Those bars are useful, even though "out of tune and time" with modern caligraphy. Besides, bear in mind, that these my letters, are not written but impressed or precipitated and then all mistakes corrected.

The horizontal bar over the letter "m" is called a macron, a kind of diacritical marking. It serves solely to distinguish letter "m" to distinguish it from the similar "n" in handwriting, and was never adopted into typesetting of that letter. Here two examples from this same letter:

Samples of signature

Here are examples of KH's initials and full signature:

Online resources

Articles

Commentaries

Reprinted from "Instruction VI," pp. 225-233 in E.S.T. Instructions: Nos. IV, V and VI. This publication was issued in 1901 by the The Eastern School of Theosophy, P.O. Box 1584, New York, N.Y. Research has shown that much of this material from Master K.H. dates back to the 1880s. For more background information on "Instruction VI," see pp. xxiv and 197 in The Inner Group Teachings of H.P. Blavatsky, 2nd revised and enlarged edition, compiled and annotated by Henk J. Spierenburg, San Diego, California, Point Loma Publications, 1995.

Notes

  1. H. P. Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. VI, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 41.
  2. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 136, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 450. See Mahatma Letter No. 136 page 10.
  3. H. P. Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.
  4. A. O. Hume, Hints on Esoteric Theosophy vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 83.
  5. H. P. Blavatsky, The Theosophical Forum (May, 1936), 345.
  6. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., The Mahatma Letters to A.P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 5 (Quezon City: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 15. See Mahatma Letter No. 5 page 2.
  7. C. W. Leadbeater, The Masters and the Path (Chicago: Theosophical Press, 1925), 38.
  8. H. P. Blavatsky, Collected Writings vol. VIII, (Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House, 1979), 399.
  9. A. O. Hume, Hints on Esoteric Theosophy vol. 1 (Bombay, India: The Theosophical Society, 1882), 29.
  10. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 86. See Mahatma Letter No. 29 page 1.
  11. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 26, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 83. See Mahatma Letter No. 26 page 1.
  12. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 18, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 63. See Mahatma Letter No. 18 page 13-14.
  13. See "Echoes of the Past: Master Koot Hoomi" by Mary K. Neff at http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/neffkoothoomi.htm
  14. Mary K. Neff, The "Brothers" of Madame Blavatsky (Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1932), 63-79. Quoting from Introduction to Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett, The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett, and other sources.
  15. H. P. Blavatsky, The Theosophical Forum (Point Loma, California: May 1936), 345.
  16. Vicente Hao Chin, Jr., ed., Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett in Chronological Sequence No. 29, (Quezon City, Phillipines: Theosophical Publishing House, 1993), 87. See Mahatma Letter No. 29 page 4.
  17. From an unpublished letter found by Daniel Caldwell, preserved in the archives of Brigham Young University in Utah.
  18. Mary K. Neff, The "Brothers" of Madame Blavatsky (Adyar, Madras, India: Theosophical Publishing House, 1932), 22. See Chapter III, pages 22-33.